ارزیابی پیامدهای تغییرات کاربری زمین روی خدمات اکوسیستم در منطقه ‌شهری غرب تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه طراحی و برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، رشد سریع اقتصادی و صنعتی، منجر به گسترش مهاجرت به شهرها، افزایش سطح اراضی ساخته‌شده و تخریب اراضی طبیعی و نیمه‌طبیعی شده است. نتیجه چنین شرایطی، نابودی اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی است. بر این اساس، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی پیامدهای تغییرات کاربری زمین بر ارزش‌های خدمات اکوسیستم در منطقه شهری واقع در غرب استان تهران انجام شده است. بدین منظور، ابتدا انواع کاربری/ پوشش زمین موجود در منطقه در سال‌های 1985، 2000 و 2015 با استفاده از روش حداکثر احتمال طبقه‌بندی شده و تغییرات آن‌ها در طی زمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس انواع خدمات اکوسیستم موجود، با تبعیت از رویکرد نظری کستانزا و همکارانش (1997) شناسایی شده و ارزش‌ اقتصادی آن‌ها محاسبه شد. در نهایت، ارتباط میان عوامل مؤثر بر تغییرات کاربری‌ها و ارزش خدمات با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندگانه تحلیل شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد، به دنبال کاهش سطح اراضی مرتعی و کشاورزی، ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم به میزان 2/51 درصد کاهش یافت. افزایش تعداد جمعیت، شاغلان و تعداد وسایل نقلیه عمومی موجب از دست رفتن ارزش‌های زیست‌محیطی شده است. بنابراین، می‌بایست اقدامات برنامه‌ریزی فضایی در این منطقه، با تدوین ضوابط و سیاست‌های فضایی مانع از گسترش اراضی ساخته‌شده در پهنه‌ی اراضی سبز و طبیعی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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