تأثیر عوامل نهادی و اقتصاد سایه بر آلودگی در کشورهای منتخب حوزه خلیج فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه آلودگی محیط‌زیست یکی از مشکلات اساسی در بسیاری از کشورها، به خصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه و دارای منابع طبیعی محسوب می‌شود. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آلودگی در این کشورها از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. در بسیاری از مطالعات از منحنی محیط‌زیستی کوزنتس برای بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر آلودگی استفاده شده است. در این فرضیه انتشار آلودگی تابعی از درآمد سرانه به عنوان سطح توسعه یافتگی مطرح می‌شود. این مطالعه با در نظر گرفتن چارچوب نظریه کوزنتس و لحاظ کردن عوامل نهادی و بخش سایه در پی یافتن پاسخ مناسب برای این پرسش است که اقتصاد سایه در کنار عوامل نهادی چه تأثیری بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست در گروه کشورهای منتخب حوزه خلیج فارس دارد. در این پژوهش از متغیرهای حاکمیت قوانین، کنترل فساد و ثبات سیاسی به عنوان عوامل نهادی استفاده شده است. با استفاده از تکنیک داده‌های تابلویی در چارچوب منحنی کوزنتس محیط‌زیستی طی سال‌های 2009 تا 2020 نتایج نشان داده است که اقتصاد سایه­ تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر آلودگی محیط­زیست دارد. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که تأثیر ثبات سیاسی و حاکمیت قوانین بر آلودگی محیط­زیست منفی و معنادار بوده است، در حالی که کنترل فساد تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست داشته ‌است. همچنین نتایج تأییدکننده‌ی فرضیه کوزنتس برای کشورهای منتخب حوزه خلیج فارس است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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