بررسی علل کاهش غلظت اکسیژن محلول در دریای عمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه ارتباط کاهش اکسیژن محلول دریای عمان با تغییرات در عوامل موثر از جمله: دما و لایه‌بندی حرارتی آب، تبادلات با بدنه‌های آبی مجاور، فعالیت‌های بیولوژیکی، غلظت کلروفیل-آ و تولیدات اولیه بررسی شده است. داده‌های مورد استفاده در این پژوهش از داده‌های اندازه‌گیری موجود در سایت‌های جهانی نظیر World Ocean Atlas و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای SeaWiFS و MODIS استخراج گردیدند. مقایسه پروفیل‌های میانگین سالانه اکسیژن محلول دریای عمان در سال‌های 1960 و 2010 نشانگر افت غلظت اکسیژن از سطح آب تا عمق حدود 1000 متر در سال 2010 بود. میزان کاهش اکسیژن محلول در لایه مخلوط ‌سطحی mg/l4/0 بوده است. در زیر لایه مخلوط سطحی کاهش اکسیژن تشدید شده و در عمق 100 متر به حداکثر mg/l7/3 رسیده است. در عمق-های بیشتر از 100 متر، میزان اختلاف اکسیژن دو سال کاهش یافته و در عمق 1000 متر به mg/l 1/0 رسیده است. بدلیل وقوع اکسیژن‌زدایی، ضخامت لایه سطحی با غلظت اکسیژن بیشتر از mg/l 2 از 150 متر در سال 1960 به 80 متر در سال 2010 کاهش یافته است. نتایج مطالعات نشان داد که کاهش اکسیژن محلول در لایه مخلوط سطحی دریای عمان با کاهش انحلال‌پذیری ناشی از افزایش دما در این لایه همخوانی داشته است. در رابطه با کاهش شدید اکسیژن محلول در لایه زیر لایه مخلوط سطحی، تقویت لایه‌بندی حرارتی و تشدید ترموکلاین ( افزایش C/m° 01/0 در گرادیان حرارتی) مهم‌ترین عوامل شناخته شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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