ارزیابی سمیت و خطر سلامت مرتبط با عناصر بالقوه سمی (روی، سرب، کادمیم و کروم) خاک حاشیه جاده ‏‏ای شهر همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

حمل و نقل جاده ‏ای به یکی از منابع اصلی آلودگی فلزی تبدیل شده است که می‏‌تواند بر خاک‌های کنار جاده‌ها تأثیر بگذارد. از این‌رو، در پژوهش حاضر، به‏ منظور ارزیابی خطر سمیت و سلامت مرتبط با عناصر بالقوه سمی (روی، سرب، کادمیم و کروم) خاک حاشیه جاده‌ای شهر همدان، پس از برداشت 63 نمونه خاک سطحی در طول 700 متر از یک قطعه 9 کیلومتری از جاده‏ های گلتپه، رزن و کرمانشاه در سال 1398 و آماده‌سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‏‌ها در آزمایشگاه، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‌سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. نتایج محاسبه شاخص جامع آلودگی نمرو (NIPI) نشان داد که آلودگی عناصر روی، سرب، کادمیم و کروم در ایستگاه‎‌های با جحم ترافیک زیاد (رزن و کرمانشاه) "شدید" و بیان‌‏گر تأثیر ورودی‌های انسانی به‌ویژه با منشأ ترافیک بوده است. همچنین، میانگین مقادیر شاخص‏ خطر سمیت بوم‌شناختی (TRI) عناصر در نمونه‏‌های خاک بیان‌گر عدم سمیت بود. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی خطر سلامتی نشان داد که در همه ایستگاه‌های نمونه‌برداری مقادیر شاخص خطر تجمعی غیرسرطان‏‌زایی (HI) عناصر مورد مطالعه برای هر دو گروه کودک و بزرگسال در طبقه "خطر کم" قرار داشت. از طرفی، خطر سرطان‌زایی (CR) کروم در هر دو رده سنی در سطح قابل ‏تحمل بود، در حالی‏ که، سرب و کادمیم خطر سرطان‌زایی قابل توجهی نداشتند. در مجموع، به‏‏ منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و انسان نسبت به پایش منظم محتوی عناصر بالقوه سمی و ارزیابی مخاطره سلامت خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین توصیه می‌شود.

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