A Structural Analysis of the Effective Components on Resilient Space (Case Study: Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex)

Problem statement and research aim: The term resilience has been published for decades to describe how different types of systems and environments respond to unexpected shocks. Most of these works address the subject of sudden disturbances such as natural disaster and its effects on the built environment. While there are few studies that have examined the effect of slow disturbances; Therefore, it is worth noting that in today's societies, the resilience of built environments has an active role in resilience of cities, and the life of each city depends on the life of the different spaces and environments in which it resides. The Spatial dimension of resilience is a new subject in field of architecture which indicates the continued vitality of spaces over time versus gradual and slow disturbances. In today's societies, spaces that are both designed and constructed without reading the text and responding appropriately and without considering the spatial capabilities are vulnerable to shocks and changes and lose their effectiveness quickly.In this regard, attention to spatial features and capabilities, although contributing to resilience to change, is not alone as the basis and sufficient structure in particular in the dimension of culture, history to examine the subject, hence the harmony of space with the context of design and utilizing contextual components is of the utmost importance. Therefore, contextualize approach can offer valuable ways in spatial resilience. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to identify effective components and spatial features with emphasis on contextualize approach. Thus, the research seeks to answer this question: 1- What is the level of resilience of Tabriz's historical bazaar space in terms of contextualist approach? And 2- How do the components and indicators play an effective role in achieving this resilience, relying on this approach?
Methodology: The present study is a case study that contains the grounded theory to guide the research process. In this research, the contextualist approach as the grounded theory was used to formulate the research program. This research is a descriptive-analytical research which aims to identify and search the factors of resilience spaces which theoretical framework were accomplished by extracting contextualism components by meta-analysis and spatial capabilities by analytical method based on the findings of the researchers. In the present study, the components of contextualization as an independent variable and space capabilities as a mediating variable and space resilience as a dependent variable of research and individual factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, economic status, location Residence and interval of referral are considered as controlling factors. In order to gather information, library study and field techniques have been used. Data collection tool in field technique is a questionnaire based on research variables and demographic characteristics of the respondents to assess the viewpoints of Tabriz historical market clients regarding space resilience. The target population of this study was selected by Cochran sampling with 95% confidence level of 357 individuals. Data were analyzed using SPSS and lisrel software using mean test, structural analysis and multivariate linear regression. In order to explain the present situation, prioritize and rank the components and indices of the mean test and box plot diagram, examine the relationships between variables and the direct and indirect effects of path analysis and measure the effect of indices on variables of regression test have been used.
Findings: In this study, according to the purpose of the research, the findings showed that among the individual factors, three factors such as age, level of education and economic status affect the level of contextualism. According to the results of the mean test, the resilience of the historical bazaar of Tabriz is optimally based on spatial capabilities and contextualism components, and the historical context and flexibility capability are at their best. In examining the score and priority of contextualism indices, the first and highest mean scores are related to the indices of structural coherence, adaptation to religion and historical species and conformity of the body with the climate, respectively. And the highest ratings and average ratings have been found in reviewing space capability indices, in indices of polyvalence, social capital, user trust partnerships, and permanent conservation and restoration. The results of structural analysis and regression indicate that there is a significant relationship between all variables of research. According to the results of the path analysis of all the governing relationships in the structural model except for the component of flexibility is significant. In this regard, in contextualism variable the highest path coefficient is related to socio-cultural and climatic-environmental component (0.70) and the least path coefficient is related to physical component (0.52). In the spatial capability variable, the adaptability and reactivity components have the highest path coefficient (0.77). Therefore, there is a direct and significant relationship between the capabilities (adaptability, variability and reactivity) of space and the components (physical, cultural, historical and environmental) of contextualization with spatial resilience, also the findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between space flexibility and space resilience. And the greatest effect of contextualization on resilience is through spatial capabilities, thus the indirect effect of contextualization on resilience is greater than its direct effect. The environmental and cultural context and the adaptability and reactivity of space have the most impact. Among the contextualism indices, the most influential ones relate to indices of visual cohesion of the physical context, conformity with local values of the cultural context, adaptation to historical species of the historical context, and conformity of the body with the climate of the environmental context and in Among the indices of spatial capabilities, the greatest impact is related to reconfiguration indices of adaptability capability, changing patterns and processes of variability, and the social system diversity index of reactivity. Therefore, contextualized space, by utilizing the capabilities of space, can survive over a period of time without loss of identity by maintaining performance against disturbances.
Conclusion: Based on the results, utilizing spatial capabilities with the emphasis on contextual components is effective in resilient spaces. There is a direct and significant relationship between space capabilities except flexibility and space resilience, and the greatest effect of contextualism components on space resilience is through space capabilities, so the indirect effect of contextualism on resilience is more than its direct effect. The environmental and cultural context and the adaptability and reactivity of space have the greatest impact. However, the purpose of this research is simply to identify the causes and not to design strategies within the scope of this research and to develop it requires further research. Therefore, it can be concluded that considering the conditions of the context and these capabilities over time can be a good step towards improving future resiliency of space. The achievement of this research is to present the factors that promote the resilience of space that can lead to a new way of designing new spaces and assessing and explaining the resilience strategies to promote urban resilience.