Regeneration of Poor Neighborhoods with an Emphasis on Spatial Configuration, Case Study: Hamedan

Introduction
Attention to the city structure have been influenced since structuralism viewpoint from the early 1960s. At the beginning of the 1960s, Team Ten tried to consider the city like the whole unite, in contrast to the functionalism. In this viewpoint, theorists such as Edmund Bacon, Christopher Alexander and Kevin Lynch have underscored the importance of urban open spaces; streets structure have created most area of them as the most important element of spatial structure that it can enhance connections between space and people. After that at the ending of 1970s, Bill Hillier and Joseph Hinson produced the Space Syntax theory for the cognition of spatial structure and urban configuration. They examined the relationship between space configuration and special behaviors.
The mean of space configuration is the condition of spaces next to each other and makes connection between them. Thus it can be concluded that each change on the arrangement of spaces will create changes in the whole of spatial configuration. In other words, in the city, each change on the city map (add or subtract a space such as streets, open space, etc.) will create changes on the relation of spatial configuration. These changes can vary the probability of activities and events. Recently, it has been proposed to improve the living conditions of residents of informal settlements however, it has not achieved the planned goals. One of the reasons for this problem is inattention to importance of knowing neighborhoods in various aspects of economic, social and physical ones.
This study has tried to survey and analyze the different parameters of spatial configuration for a number of informal settlements of Hamedan through which we can identify the differences between neighborhood structures.

Materials & Methods
This study has been done using Analytical-Interpretive method, library research, and spatial configuration analysis of several case studies. At the beginning, the literature review was obtained through library research.
The next step, for analyzing the spatial configuration of neighborhood, we produced the map of urban blocks. This map separates full and empty spaces (streets and squares) from each other. After that, linear map is drawn for the city using the software of Depth Map. Then, various parameters of spatial configuration (including Line Length, Integration, Depth, Connectivity, Control and Choice) are extracted by linear map of city. Finally, based on analyzing the various parameters, key strategies are suggested for improving the spatial configuration of case studies.

Discussion and Results
In this study, the linear map of Hamedan has been drawn using the software of Depth Map. The linear map is included structure of a series of urban open spaces that they have been created based on the longest view line and connection. After drawing linear map of the city, the parameters of spatial configuration can be extracted for informal settlement. The main parameters of analyzing spatial configuration are included Line Length, General Integration, Local Integration, Depth, Connectivity, Control and Choice that their characteristics for case studies are as follows:
Hesar Neighborhood:
• The suitable situation in General Integration
• The lowest Local Integration
• The lowest average of Connectivity
• The highest average and standard deviation of Choice
• The suitable situation in Depth
Khezr Neighborhood:
• The lowest average of Line Length like the Dizaj neighborhood
• The suitable situation in General Integration
• The highest average of Connectivity
• The lowest average and standard deviation of Choise
Dizaj Neighborhood:
• The lowest average of Line Length
• The lowest average of General Integration
• The highest average and standard deviation of Local Integration
• The highest average and standard deviation of Depth
Mazdaghineh Neighborhood:
• The lowest average of Line Length
• The suitable situation of Local Integration
• The highest average and standard deviation of Local Integration
• The suitable situation of Depth
• The highest average of Connectivity
• The lowest standard deviation of Control
• The lowest average and standard deviation of Choice
Manouchehri Neighborhood:
• The highest average of Line Length
• The highest standard deviation of Line Length
• The highest average of General Integration
• The lowest average of Connectivity
• The highest standard deviation of Control
• The lowest average and standard deviation of Depth

Conclusion
According to parameters of spatial configuration (Line Length, Integration, Depth, Connectivity, Control, and Choice) in Hamedan and five informal settlements (Hesar, Khezr, Dizaj, Mazdaghineh and Manouchehri), the results showed a significant difference between case studies. However, the situation of spatial configuration of neighborhoods was not satisfactory and it is essential to adjust and organize their spatial configuration parameters.
The following are some general strategies suggested for improving the spatial configuration of case studies:
• Hesar Neighborhood: it is essential to create structure of streets and texture for this neighborhood as a whole unit. Therefore these strategies are suggested: “ promoting unity and solidarity in structure of streets and texture”, “developing the available vacant land in the neighborhood” and “creating some main east-west streets to increase Local Integration and decrease the isolation edges of neighborhood”
• Khezr Neighborhood: The dense texture and North-South structure of this neighborhood has caused a lot of pressure on the street in western edge. Therefore, the following strategies are suggested: “decreasing dense and massive texture”, “creating the North-South arterial street in the east of neighborhood for decreasing Depth and isolating eastern part of neighborhood” and “strengthening the relationship of neighborhood with ring road in east of neighborhood”
• Dizaj Neighborhood: the structure and inner configuration of this neighborhood is relatively stable and it seems essential to solve the problem of isolation of overall city. Therefore, these strategies are suggested: “decreasing isolation of neighborhood from the whole of city”, “developing the vacant lands between neighborhood and the city” and “promoting the order of street structure inner the neighborhood”
• Mazdaghineh neighborhood: This neighborhood has the suitable opportunity in spatial configuration of city, but internal configuration of that is strongly influenced by the rural pattern. Therefore, these strategies are suggested: “organizing and disciplining the inner streets of neighborhood”, “redesigning and aggregating of small blocks” and “creating several cross streets in structure of neighborhood”
• Manouchehri neighborhood: The spatial configuration of this neighborhood is better than other informal settlements. It can be attributed to raster-like structure and small area. Therefore, these strategies are suggested: “creating a hierarchy of streets by converting some public streets to Semi-public Street” and “decreasing the uniformity of texture through creating a variety of streets and intersections”.