Evaluation environmental instability indicators in Ahvaz metropolis

Introduction
Discussion of sustainability and sustainable development, regardless of towns and cities would be meaningless Cities as the main factor causing instability in the world are, in fact, the concept of urban sustainability and global are stability. Environmental crises and urban issues such as air pollution, water, soil and water resources and agricultural land use renewable, Global warming and climate change and other issues that are fundamental problems are not just for scientists, But citizens and society has also faced daily and directly understand the environmental constraints. Urbanization is the second revolution in human culture, the optimism human interaction with each other, with an increase in urban population, exploitation of the environment is worsening. In recent decades, rapid growth of urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities, infrastructure and reduce environmental waste has increased and cities have significant growth. And increasingly exposed to a traumatic crisis, especially in developing countries. Poverty, environmental degradation, lack of urban services, the decline of existing infrastructure, lack of access to land and adequate shelter, such crises are related to this topic. Now the man with the environmental challenges faced unprecedented. Wide agreement among experts on the subject there are environmental The Earth's ecosystems can no longer current level of consumption and the development of economic activities and are unable to tolerate it and not stabl Because the pressure and the load on the environment is twofold. In this regard, in relation to sustainable urban development and environmental sustainability, in the summer of 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro. Participants at the meeting agreed that the topics include the Agenda 21, has been noted that in forty chapters. To achieve sustainable development of human settlements may return. It should be noted that Agenda 21 expresses the fact that Agenda 21 expresses the fact that the population, consumption and technology, changes in the environment are major forces . This agenda is trying to policies and programs to achieve a sustainable balance between consumption, population and capacity to introduce land degradation. in fact, the main issue of Agenda 21 for the healthy development of the city and at the same time, the need to reduce poverty by increasing poor people's access to resources for the sustainable life. The agenda and other wealthy nations have committed to developing nations to help minimize damage to the environment. On the other hand, in Iran, in the sixth chapter of the fifth development plan is to draw attention to environmental sustainability indicators including substances 184 and 185 in order to assess the environmental strategy at the national, regional and thematic. In this field, the urban geography and spatial analysis and ecological assessment of the stability characteristics of the areas, in urban areas, trying to help the  urban environment for residents and provide. the communication with the issue, now with the increasing population of the metropolitan area has appeared in Ahwaz The many problems that threaten the ecological day so that this city with many problems, including widespread marginalization and Adverse effects on the urban environment, noise, pollution, urban waste, domestic sewage and industrial production increased, Soil pollution caused by the Karun river, air pollution Due to the high rate of fossil fuel consumption and vehicle industries And other sources such as dust in the dry season due to the proximity to the desert West and burning fields, pollutants Industrial pollution, etc. are facing. In recent years, air pollution in the city of Ahvaz has been partially the city is one of the most polluted cities in the world.  this situation is due to the fragility and vulnerability of the environment in this area. Environmental pollution conditions in the city of Ahvaz on environmental sustainability negatively affected and lower the living conditions of people in the city. Air pollution and industrial pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution in urban areas of the most important parameters in Thus, according to these indicators, in order to achieve sustainable urban planning and macro t seems necessary. The identification and assessment of indicators and factors affecting the stability and instability metropolitan Ahvaz and provide appropriate models of sustainability and environmental instability patterns, the study reveals the importance and necessity. The subject of this angle is important to be able to apply sound management and environmental principles and balance the relationship between man and the urban environment and the causes of pollution in the area, the necessary programs to prevent and reduce environmental pollution in the city, did And steps taken for the purposes of environmental sustainability. The pathological study approach, assessment of environmental instability bedder it is challenging. The overall objective of this research is to develop indicators to assess and prioritize environmental instability in Ahwaz. Finally, this study seeks to answer the question that the best indicators for assessing urban environmental are instability. How the indicators of environmental sustainability in order of priority and importance of affect in Ahwaz?
 
Research Methodology
The present study is a descriptive analysis of the functional nature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and prioritize environmental instability indices six of the eight metropolitan areas in Iran with emphasis on noise pollution, soil pollution, air pollution, water pollution, pollution from industrial and urban waste pollution. Methods of survey data collection library in an extensive literature survey and analysis process using Marnamh, the experts have also been used. n addition to the weight of the criteria according to the situation of each of the available reports and projects and field studies, A questionnaire survey of experts in the urban environment was used The AHP. Due to the hierarchical structure of the questionnaire (AHP) in the form of tables and the formation of paired comparisons between specialists and 40 copies Urban environmental experts were distributed. The paired comparison matrix, the matrix group (unit), software (Expert Choice), were And relative weights of criteria and sub-criteria are considered, relative to each other was determined. The calculated weight options and prioritization criteria were evaluated. In the second stage of the analysis of the results in AHP and GIS Spatial and temporal analysis of eight areas with comparative approach that has been done.
 
 
Discussion of Results & Conclusions


The achievement of stability and instability leads to environmental factors in the cities major issue, especially in developing countries are considered. To compensate for the backwardness of the country and to achieve balanced and sustainable development which contributes to improving the lives of all human beings, Correct understanding and proper planning and optimization of the national and regional level. In this context, to understand the role of the urban environment, and measures to reduce the harmful effects of these effects can be applied, primarily in the city as part of the environmental assessment. Ecological approach to urban renewal and urban areas in terms of the dimensions of sustainability, Positive steps towards sustainable development. The approach to the sustainability of natural resources in cities, and this is a special emphasis on the different aspects of sustainability in the urban system. Thus reducing risks to the environment and achieving environmental sustainability, increase knowledge and awareness of the environment in developing countrie As well as developing countries such as Iran, requires careful planning and constant monitoring of the program and its implementation. Many environmental instabilities in city includes a variety of urban environmental pollution, soil erosion, deforestation and desertification, loss of fresh water resources, soil salinization, etc. resulting from the turmoil In use of land. And the ecological, economic, social, reduce the use of resources. Many of the problems of environmental problems, just as a local or national issue not counting, but every environmental problem In every size and small scale within a country is a problem for the whole earth. Accordingly, several methods have been calculated in order to evaluate the environmental impacts and sustainability of urban areas have been designated. Often one-dimensional or applied in specific topics. In the unstable environmental indicators as a tool for assessing the ecological effects of the urban environment is a method that can shed light on the growing consumerism, urban growth will lead to ecological instability and disability. In this context, the analysis and evaluation of sustainability and environmental instability in Ahwaz After examination of the theoretical and research literature and survey studies and documents, and the views of experts in the study area, The six criteria for the study were identified in the eight districts in Ahwaz These criteria included: water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, industrial pollution, pollution, waste and air pollution. Since each of these dimensions and measures in weight, with varying degrees of importance in achieving In environmental instability determine the contribution of each of these criteria are the city of Ahwaz AHP multiple criteria decision making method was used to determine the importance of each criterion based on the impact and role in the instability of the city, Properly analyzed. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that Ahwaz based on the assessment criteria considered the most important factor In environmental instability in Ahwaz air pollution index weight (280/), were identified. Finally, the need for a holistic approach to environmental sustainability and macro dimensions such that the stability of the metropolis, Iran should be comprehensive and holistic view In all local, national and international simultaneously be followed. By identifying optimal strategies for use in the process of spatial development and stability of the city, the impact of urban development on environmental instability indexs Understanding the environmental pollution caused by the uncontrolled expansion of urban and environmental projects and studies can be applied to the sustainable management of the environment In Ahwaz.