Investigating the Quality of Surface Water at Hydrometric Stations in the Study Area of Sarni Dam, Minab County, for Various Uses Using Aq.QA Software

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective: This research investigates the chemical quality of water at the hydrometric stations of the Sarni Dam in the southeast of Minab County for agricultural, drinking, and industrial purposes using Aq.QA software. The percentage of cations and anions has been investigated using quantitative, statistical, and graphical methods.
Method In this study, data from the hydrometric stations of Kalat-Rostam, Minab, Mazabi, Brentin, Joghin, Gro, Abnama, Shamil, Ab-Moksam, and Joumahleh along the route of Sarni Dam were used, and 11 different chemical parameters of water including electrical conductivity, acidity, hardness, chlorine, bicarbonate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sodium absorption ratio and sodium percentage were determined in the quality control laboratory of Regional Water Company of Hormozgan. Aq.QA software was used to draw Wilcox, Schuler, and Papier diagrams. The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Rayznr Stability Index (RSI) were used to evaluate water quality for industrial purposes. The LSI and RSI indices were calculated by the Calculator LSI and RSI software.
Results: The findings showed that the water from the hydrometric stations of the Sarni Dam was in the C3S2, C4S3, and C4S4 classes for agricultural and irrigation uses and varied from good to non-potable in terms of drinking. The quality of water for industrial uses in all stations was sedimentary and the water type was mostly chlorinated and sulfated and its facies was sodium. The water type and facies in 60% of the stations were chlorinated-sodium and 40% of the stations were sulfated-sodium. According to the obtained relationships, the electrical conductivity showed a very strong relationship with sodium, chloride, sulfate and calcium ions, and did not show a strong relationship with magnesium and bicarbonate ions. Based on the concentration of the main ions present in the waters of the stations in the study area, the prevailing cationic and anionic conditions were  Na+> Ca2+>Mg+2  and  Cl->So42->Hco3-.
Conclusions: The causes of the increase in dissolved salts and the decrease in water quality for various uses in the hydrometric stations of the Sarni Dam were the construction of earthen dams in the waterways, the entry of agricultural drainage upstream of the stations, the lack of proper management of exploitation, and recent droughts that have affected the water flow of the rivers leading to the dam.

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References

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Journal of Environmental Studies
Volume 50, Issue 4
February 2025
Pages 413-434

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