-

Barbus mystaceus (Heckl, 1843) which synonymised by several authors with Barbus scheich (Heckel, 1843); Barbus barbulus Heckel, 1846 and Barbus rajanorum Heckel 1846, and Berg (1949) synonymised with Barbus rajanorum, is reaffirmed. Differences between this species and Barbus barbulus are given based on comparative morphological, meristic and osteologicl differences. The differences are in the body shape, the head and mouth shape, the dorsal fin spine and in supraneural and interdigitation pattern.
There are also few short note on Barbus (Luciobarbus) mystaceus or Cyprinus mystaceus, but the presence of this species in Iran had not been reported.
There is not clear view on difference between Barbus harbulus and Barbus inystacus also presence of B. mystaceus in Iran is doubtful. The purpose of presenting this paper is to clarify taxonomic status and differences between this species and B. barbulus based on Heckel (1846) original description, specimens collected in western and south western Iran and preserved specimen in Canadian Museum of Nature.
The locality in Iran and other localities in Tigris and Euphrates for Barhus mystaceus are given.