ارزیابی امنیت اکولوژیکی استان فارس بر مبنای ردپای اکولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: مشکلات زیست­محیطی جهانی و منطقه­ای به دلیل رشد قابل­توجه جمعیت و توسعه سریع اجتماعی-اقتصادی به طور فزاینده­ای برجسته شده­اند. این مشکلات مانند فرسایش ­خاک، آلودگی اکولوژیک، تخریب­زمین، از بین رفتن تنوع­زیستی و کاهش خدمات اکوسیستمی، محیط زندگی انسان­ها و توسعه پایدار اقتصادها و جوامع را به طور جدی تهدید می­کنند. بنابراین با توجه به رشد جمعیت و توسعه فعالیت­های اقتصادی و در نتیجه استفاده بیشتر از منابع اکولوژیکی، ارزیابی امنیت اکولوژیکی حائز اهمیت می­باشد. ارزیابی امنیت اکولوژیکی یکی از ابزارهای مهم برای سنجش تأثیرات فعالیت‌های انسانی بر محیط­زیست و منابع­طبیعی است.
روش پژوهش: این ارزیابی معمولاً با استفاده از دو مفهوم کلیدی ردپای اکولوژیکی و ظرفیت اکولوژیکی، انجام می‌شود. برای این منظور سرانه ردپای اکولوژیکی و ظرفیت اکولوژیکی استان فارس طی دوره زمانی 1400-1390 محاسبه شد. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در این زمینه شاخص‌های کسری اکولوژیکی (ED)، شاخص تنوع ردپای اکولوژیکی (EFDI)، شاخص فشار اکولوژیکی (EPI)، و ضریب هماهنگی اکولوژیکی ( (ECCجهت ارزیابی امنیت اکولوژیکی محاسبه شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که سرانه ردپای اکولوژیکی استان فارس در طی دوره مورد مطالعه، بیش از 17 درصد افزایش یافته که درکنار رشد جمعیت استان، نشان­دهنده افزایش فشار بر منابع­طبیعی موجود در استان است. از سوی دیگر سرانه ظرفیت اکولوژیکی استان با کاهش 10درصدی مواجه شده است. همچنین این نتیجه بدست آمد که سرانه ظرفیت اکولوژیکی استان فارس کمتر از یک چهارم سرانه ردپای اکولوژیکی  این استان می­باشد که نشانگر آسیب‌پذیری توانایی جذب و بازیابی منابع­طبیعی و محیط­زیست استان است. بعلاوه محاسبه چهار شاخص امنیت اکولوژیک همگی بیانگر ناامنی اکولوژیکی استان و عدم هماهنگی بین جریان توسعه و محیط‌زیست می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از شاخص‌های مورد بررسی در این تحقیق، مشخص شد که وضعیت محیطی استان مناسب نبوده و به مرور زمان بدتر شده است. بنابراین اگر سیاستگذاران به دنبال توسعه اقتصادی پایدار هستند، توجه بیشتر به محیط زیست استان ضروری است. در نتیجه، اجرای پایش محیطی پویا و دوره‌ای و ارزیابی استراتژی‌های مدیریتی برای ارتقای سلامت محیط ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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