محیط شناسی

محیط شناسی

مدل‌سازی کمی تغییرات زمانی – مکانی نگهداشت و پتانسیل فرسایش خاک و تولید رسوب (منطقه موردمطالعه حوضه‌های آبخیز لاهیجان‌چابکسر و آستانه‌کوچصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مهدیس سادات
اسماعیل صالحی
محمد جواد امیری
گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ایران.
10.22059/jes.2023.348202.1008357
چکیده
الگوی توزیع زمانی و مکانی ارائه خدمات اکوسیستمی یکی از ویژگی‌های اساسی اکوسیستم‌ها است. یکی از خدمات اکوسیستمی مهم در رابطه بسیاری از اکوسیستم‌ها ازجمله حوضه‌های آبخیز شمال ایران، نگهداشت خاک است. این خدمت ارزشمند در بسیاری از مناطق ازجمله حوضه‌های آبخیز کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات مکانی-زمانی فرسایش و نگهداشت خاک در سال‌های 2000 و 2020 انجام‌گرفته است. همچنین در این تحقیق دو حوضه آبخیز لاهیجان-چابکسر و آستانه-کوچصفهان، در استان گیلان به‌عنوان منطقه موردمطالعه انتخاب‌شده است. این حوضه‌ها از نظر اکولوژیکی نمادی از اکوسیستم درهم‌تنیده انسانی و طبیعی است که ظرفیت بالایی در ارائه انواع خدمات اکوسیستمی دارد و در سال‌های اخیر دستخوش تغییراتی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مقدار کل پتانسیل فرسایش خاک در منطقه موردمطالعه در سال‌های موردبررسی به ترتیب برابرند با 7375590 و 12648676 تن مجموعاً در حوضه های آبخیز مورد مطالعه برابر با 5/11 و 8/19 تن در هکتار و مقدار ارائه خدمت اکوسیستمی نگهداشت خاک در این سال‌ها در کل حوضه آبخیز به ترتیب عبارتند از با 122243409 و 203865616 تن مجموعاً می‌باشد. همچنین بر اساس نتایج حاصل‌شده بخش کوچکی از منطقه، بیشترین تلفات خاک و رسوب را به خود اختصاص داده‌ است. بنابراین، نتایج بر نیاز فوری به اقدامات هدفمند حفاظت از خاک و آب برای اطمینان از پایداری منابع حوضه تأکید می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
خدمات اکوسیستمی
نگهداشت خاک
فرسایش خاک و تولید رسوب
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محیط شناسی
دوره 48، شماره 4
زمستان 1401
صفحه 577-596