دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Efficiency evaluation of conventional activated sludge (AS)
and (PACT) treatment system under phenol and furfural
shock loads
Efficiency evaluation of conventional activated sludge (AS)
and (PACT) treatment system under phenol and furfural
shock loads
25509
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
در بررسی حاضر با استفاده از دو مدل نیمه صنعتی لجن فعال (AS) و کاربرد همزمان تصفیه بیولوژیکی و پودر کربن فعال (PACT) ، ابتدا چگونگی تصفیه فاضلاب پالایشگاه نفت تهران در مدت دوازده ماه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته ، سپس به منظور تعیین نحوه پاسخگویی هر دو مدل فوق نسبت به ورود بار ناگهانی فورفولار و فنل به سیستم های تصفیه فاضلاب ، طی مدت سه ماه ضمن وارد کردن مقادیر مختلف فنل ( 10 تا 250 میلیگرم در لیتر) و فورفورال ( 50 تا 300 میلیگرم در لیتر ) ، تغییرات بازدهی حذف مواد آلی ، زمان بازیافت سیستم و شاخص های عملکردی هر دو سیستم ، ارزیابی شده است .
نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که عملکرد سیستم PACT در تحمل بارناگهانی مواد سمی ( فنل و فورفورال) در مقایسه با سیستم AS ، مناسب تر بوده است و نیز در تمام شرایط عملی ، با استفاده از سیستم PACT بازدهی مطلوبتری حاصل خواهد شد .
در بررسی حاضر با استفاده از دو مدل نیمه صنعتی لجن فعال (AS) و کاربرد همزمان تصفیه بیولوژیکی و پودر کربن فعال (PACT) ، ابتدا چگونگی تصفیه فاضلاب پالایشگاه نفت تهران در مدت دوازده ماه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته ، سپس به منظور تعیین نحوه پاسخگویی هر دو مدل فوق نسبت به ورود بار ناگهانی فورفولار و فنل به سیستم های تصفیه فاضلاب ، طی مدت سه ماه ضمن وارد کردن مقادیر مختلف فنل ( 10 تا 250 میلیگرم در لیتر) و فورفورال ( 50 تا 300 میلیگرم در لیتر ) ، تغییرات بازدهی حذف مواد آلی ، زمان بازیافت سیستم و شاخص های عملکردی هر دو سیستم ، ارزیابی شده است .
نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که عملکرد سیستم PACT در تحمل بارناگهانی مواد سمی ( فنل و فورفورال) در مقایسه با سیستم AS ، مناسب تر بوده است و نیز در تمام شرایط عملی ، با استفاده از سیستم PACT بازدهی مطلوبتری حاصل خواهد شد .
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Chemical Quality of Shadegan Wetland
Chemical Quality of Shadegan Wetland
25510
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
تالاب شادگان از جنبه های گوناگون اکولوژیکی ، عملی ، زیبایی شناختی ، اقتصادی و هیدرولوژیکی دارای ارزش است .
منابع تغذیه تالاب شادگان رودخانه جراحی ، طغیان کارون و جزر و مد خلیج فارس از طریق خورهای ساحلی است .
چون تاکنون مطالعه مشخصی بویژه در مورد شناخت کیفیت آب تالاب به عمل نیامده بود لذا این بررسی از زمستان 73 تا پاییز 74 مورد اجرا گذارده شده و طی آن عوامل فیزیکو شیمیایی ، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی ، اکسیژن مورد نیاز بیوشیمیایی و فلزات سنگین در آب و رسوبات به مدت 4 فصل ، هر فصل 72 نمونه و جمعا 288 نمونه برداشت و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت .
این مطالعه نشان داد در طول 4 فصل BOD ، بین 2 تا 5/12 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب مربوط به زمستان و تابستان ، COD بین 1/2 تا 5/28 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب در فصول زمستان و پائیز DO بین 4 تا 8/9 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب در فصول بهار و زمستان بوده بطور کلی عوامل آینده در فصول زمستان و پاییز به مراتب کمتر از بهار و تابستان بودند.
بررسی آلاینده های فلزی در آب این تالاب نشان داد که میانگین کادمیم (30/0)، سرب(90/0)، نیکل (017/0)و مس (07/0 ) میلی گرم در لیتر است که به ترتیب ،30 5/22، 94/1، 3/23 برابر بیش از حد مجاز است .
بررسی کلی نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشاندهنده آلودگی تالاب شادگان به وسیله فاضلابهای شهری ، کشاورزی ، صنعتی ، و بارشهای جوی آلوده با توجه به محل قرارگیری واحدهای صنعتی و وزش باد غالب منطقه است .
تالاب شادگان از جنبه های گوناگون اکولوژیکی ، عملی ، زیبایی شناختی ، اقتصادی و هیدرولوژیکی دارای ارزش است .
منابع تغذیه تالاب شادگان رودخانه جراحی ، طغیان کارون و جزر و مد خلیج فارس از طریق خورهای ساحلی است .
چون تاکنون مطالعه مشخصی بویژه در مورد شناخت کیفیت آب تالاب به عمل نیامده بود لذا این بررسی از زمستان 73 تا پاییز 74 مورد اجرا گذارده شده و طی آن عوامل فیزیکو شیمیایی ، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی ، اکسیژن مورد نیاز بیوشیمیایی و فلزات سنگین در آب و رسوبات به مدت 4 فصل ، هر فصل 72 نمونه و جمعا 288 نمونه برداشت و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت .
این مطالعه نشان داد در طول 4 فصل BOD ، بین 2 تا 5/12 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب مربوط به زمستان و تابستان ، COD بین 1/2 تا 5/28 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب در فصول زمستان و پائیز DO بین 4 تا 8/9 میلی گرم در لیتر به ترتیب در فصول بهار و زمستان بوده بطور کلی عوامل آینده در فصول زمستان و پاییز به مراتب کمتر از بهار و تابستان بودند.
بررسی آلاینده های فلزی در آب این تالاب نشان داد که میانگین کادمیم (30/0)، سرب(90/0)، نیکل (017/0)و مس (07/0 ) میلی گرم در لیتر است که به ترتیب ،30 5/22، 94/1، 3/23 برابر بیش از حد مجاز است .
بررسی کلی نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشاندهنده آلودگی تالاب شادگان به وسیله فاضلابهای شهری ، کشاورزی ، صنعتی ، و بارشهای جوی آلوده با توجه به محل قرارگیری واحدهای صنعتی و وزش باد غالب منطقه است .
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Waste Paper and Cardboard recycling In Tehran with a
Glance to Productions, Imports and consumption of paper.
Waste Paper and Cardboard recycling In Tehran with a
Glance to Productions, Imports and consumption of paper.
25511
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
In the year 1992 the waste production rate in Tehran was 607)
TonS /Day which was collected from 20 collectiong station spread
allover the city and transport to the central station in Kahrizak ,
Further studies show thtat the amount Tehran has
reached from 1072411 ton in 1981to 2216659 ton in 11992,
which shows an increments of 9.7% per head
waste production in Tehran is 324 K.g.
In the year 1993 the per capita consumption of paper in the
country was 12.6 Kilograms.
Ccmparing the production, import and consumption in
The country during 1989 -1992 found that "there has
been ari average increase ofi8~8% 'per- year. About 60% of the
paper consumed in the country is distributed in Tehran. Nine
percent of .the solid waste composed of waste paper and
cardboard. The amount of paper cardboard which can be
produced from the recyling of solid waste in Tehran is 199499
tons annually. '
The amount of waste paper produced. by offset Printing press and
chap va Nashr Iran were respectively 300 and 100 tons per month,
The third position was acquired by melli bank ,daily keyhan &daily Etelaat press with a production of 50 tons/month for each.
the total Waste paper production of 625 printing presses in
Tehran come to 18390 Tons/annum,
The amount of waste paper recyled per year from different
government firms in Tehran is 33% of the amount consumed
(9375 Tons/Annum) which comes to 3094 Tons. This study
showed that the waste paper production of students-in-Tehran
was one' kg. per head in the school premises, taking into
consideration the number of students 1687915 the total amount is
1688 Tons oiswaste paper.
Waste and recycled papers in the country are utilised by Iran
Papyrus, Kahrizak, Moghawa Sazi Shargh, Plants Producing Egg
Trays, and 10% of the production of Nowzohour Co. and other
cardboard manufacturing companies. The total amounts utilised in
-the above stated companies is 65000 tons, This shows that the
total waste paper recycled in the country is 9% . .
In the year 1992 the waste production rate in Tehran was 607)
TonS /Day which was collected from 20 collectiong station spread
allover the city and transport to the central station in Kahrizak ,
Further studies show thtat the amount Tehran has
reached from 1072411 ton in 1981to 2216659 ton in 11992,
which shows an increments of 9.7% per head
waste production in Tehran is 324 K.g.
In the year 1993 the per capita consumption of paper in the
country was 12.6 Kilograms.
Ccmparing the production, import and consumption in
The country during 1989 -1992 found that "there has
been ari average increase ofi8~8% 'per- year. About 60% of the
paper consumed in the country is distributed in Tehran. Nine
percent of .the solid waste composed of waste paper and
cardboard. The amount of paper cardboard which can be
produced from the recyling of solid waste in Tehran is 199499
tons annually. '
The amount of waste paper produced. by offset Printing press and
chap va Nashr Iran were respectively 300 and 100 tons per month,
The third position was acquired by melli bank ,daily keyhan &daily Etelaat press with a production of 50 tons/month for each.
the total Waste paper production of 625 printing presses in
Tehran come to 18390 Tons/annum,
The amount of waste paper recyled per year from different
government firms in Tehran is 33% of the amount consumed
(9375 Tons/Annum) which comes to 3094 Tons. This study
showed that the waste paper production of students-in-Tehran
was one' kg. per head in the school premises, taking into
consideration the number of students 1687915 the total amount is
1688 Tons oiswaste paper.
Waste and recycled papers in the country are utilised by Iran
Papyrus, Kahrizak, Moghawa Sazi Shargh, Plants Producing Egg
Trays, and 10% of the production of Nowzohour Co. and other
cardboard manufacturing companies. The total amounts utilised in
-the above stated companies is 65000 tons, This shows that the
total waste paper recycled in the country is 9% . .
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Landuse planning for Six forested catchment areas of Fars:
As a guide for the Strategic Planning of Zagros Region
Landuse planning for Six forested catchment areas of Fars:
As a guide for the Strategic Planning of Zagros Region
25512
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Six catchment areas of Fars, where belong to bioclimatic zone of
deciduous temperate forests of Palearctic Realm, first were .
surveyed, and mapped (Scale:1: 100,000). Then, after ecological
and socio economic data analysis and integration, the ecosystem
map (mapping unit) of the area was depicted (Makhdoum 1992).
The ecological capability of catchment areas for agriculture, range
management, forestry l and ecotourism was classified, and mapped.
With combination and coordination of socio economic data (e. g,
revenues, population density and trend, present landuse , and
future development trends ) with that of ecological capabilities,
optimum land uses for catchment areas were determined and
mapped. In this respect, three scenarios (man, cattle, forest),
(man, forest), and (man, forest, cattle) were examined, and
analysed.
It has been argued, that the landuse planning of these catchment
areas could not sufficiently eradicate the ongoing environmental
problems of Zagros Region, unless all catchment areas of Zagros
Region are planned ccordinglY, in the context of a strategic plan.
The process of the !strategic planning of Zagros Region is
introduced in a model.
Six catchment areas of Fars, where belong to bioclimatic zone of
deciduous temperate forests of Palearctic Realm, first were .
surveyed, and mapped (Scale:1: 100,000). Then, after ecological
and socio economic data analysis and integration, the ecosystem
map (mapping unit) of the area was depicted (Makhdoum 1992).
The ecological capability of catchment areas for agriculture, range
management, forestry l and ecotourism was classified, and mapped.
With combination and coordination of socio economic data (e. g,
revenues, population density and trend, present landuse , and
future development trends ) with that of ecological capabilities,
optimum land uses for catchment areas were determined and
mapped. In this respect, three scenarios (man, cattle, forest),
(man, forest), and (man, forest, cattle) were examined, and
analysed.
It has been argued, that the landuse planning of these catchment
areas could not sufficiently eradicate the ongoing environmental
problems of Zagros Region, unless all catchment areas of Zagros
Region are planned ccordinglY, in the context of a strategic plan.
The process of the !strategic planning of Zagros Region is
introduced in a model.
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Evaluation of Higher Education in Environmetal Fields in
Evaluation of Higher Education in Environmetal Fields in
25513
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
The Study of Environmental Crisis from different angle:
Making Peace With Nature
The Study of Environmental Crisis from different angle:
Making Peace With Nature
25514
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Environmental crisis of the planet have caused a sever anxiety
Among people, Some blame population growth, and other new
technologies for the ongoing crisis.
But, it is believed that misuse of technology, greed, and obnoxious
attitude of man are the main causes of environmental crisis. In
this paper, the causes of the crisis are elucidated, and a remedy, is
proposed, that is to encourage environmental ethics through
creation of earthman ship society
Environmental crisis of the planet have caused a sever anxiety
Among people, Some blame population growth, and other new
technologies for the ongoing crisis.
But, it is believed that misuse of technology, greed, and obnoxious
attitude of man are the main causes of environmental crisis. In
this paper, the causes of the crisis are elucidated, and a remedy, is
proposed, that is to encourage environmental ethics through
creation of earthman ship society
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Environmental evaluation: A methodology for the selection
for National Parks (Introducing the methods of Sumer
Gulez )
Environmental evaluation: A methodology for the selection
for National Parks (Introducing the methods of Sumer
Gulez )
25515
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
This method is based on assigning some weghing values for
natural, cultural, and recreational resources of a site for national
Parks. Numerical value are used to determine whether a particular area is suitable for the of national parks.
Delfi technique is also employed to reduce the subjectivity as well
as, bias in site selection,
Criteria used in parts of the world for this p~ are the basis of
this methodology for the site selection of national park. This has
enhanced the capability of the method for a world wide cases
Accordingly, national have been evaluated and
ranked
This method is based on assigning some weghing values for
natural, cultural, and recreational resources of a site for national
Parks. Numerical value are used to determine whether a particular area is suitable for the of national parks.
Delfi technique is also employed to reduce the subjectivity as well
as, bias in site selection,
Criteria used in parts of the world for this p~ are the basis of
this methodology for the site selection of national park. This has
enhanced the capability of the method for a world wide cases
Accordingly, national have been evaluated and
ranked
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Bio-gas development procedure in Iran and the world
Bio-gas development procedure in Iran and the world
25516
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Because every day production of refuse material is increasing,
interest in the development of biogas units in many countries,
both as traditional and industrial plants, has been increased.
About 74 million tons of methane gas is produced from cattle
dung and 40 million tons is produced only from urban solid wastes
in the world annually .This would influence the greenhouse effect
India and china have made significant studies in the use of biogas
as a source of energy for rural areas since 19308. These units
which are known as 1hinese model and Indian type have been
considered to be compatible with rural requirements. In Iran
there have been some studies by 16 Research Organisation and
Universities from 1975 which until now about 60 units have been
installed. In this paper with attention to historical records of
biogas production utilization, the develoment of biogas in
Iran and the world, is discussed, and guidelines for the
modification and development are suggested
Because every day production of refuse material is increasing,
interest in the development of biogas units in many countries,
both as traditional and industrial plants, has been increased.
About 74 million tons of methane gas is produced from cattle
dung and 40 million tons is produced only from urban solid wastes
in the world annually .This would influence the greenhouse effect
India and china have made significant studies in the use of biogas
as a source of energy for rural areas since 19308. These units
which are known as 1hinese model and Indian type have been
considered to be compatible with rural requirements. In Iran
there have been some studies by 16 Research Organisation and
Universities from 1975 which until now about 60 units have been
installed. In this paper with attention to historical records of
biogas production utilization, the develoment of biogas in
Iran and the world, is discussed, and guidelines for the
modification and development are suggested
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
19
19
1997
06
22
Concept and princioples in international environmental law
Concept and princioples in international environmental law
25517
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
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