دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14344FAJournal Article19700101In this article the life tables of Iranian Urban
population for male and female are calculated. The tables are based on data which have been Collected in a survey
in 1984 on 10% of urban population, excluding Tabriz, Shiraz, Esfahan, Tehran and Ilam province. The sample
was divided in three groups according to IMR in different
provinces. The life tables are calculated for the three groups of provinces seperately as well as for the total
country.
To obtain more correct information and in order to
avoid errors as to age of population and age of death the logit system was used according to the Asian-African
Standard presented by william Brass. Sample size includes 779/976 males and 746/403 females. The results show that
the life expectancies at birth are 66 and 70 years for male and female respectively. These figures are between
61.2 to 68.7 for men and 68 to 71.5 for women in differ¬ ent groups of provinces.In this article the life tables of Iranian Urban
population for male and female are calculated. The tables are based on data which have been Collected in a survey
in 1984 on 10% of urban population, excluding Tabriz, Shiraz, Esfahan, Tehran and Ilam province. The sample
was divided in three groups according to IMR in different
provinces. The life tables are calculated for the three groups of provinces seperately as well as for the total
country.
To obtain more correct information and in order to
avoid errors as to age of population and age of death the logit system was used according to the Asian-African
Standard presented by william Brass. Sample size includes 779/976 males and 746/403 females. The results show that
the life expectancies at birth are 66 and 70 years for male and female respectively. These figures are between
61.2 to 68.7 for men and 68 to 71.5 for women in differ¬ ent groups of provinces.دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14345FAJournal Article19700101With regard to the importance of using biological
_
methods and sanitation in the control of mosquitoes and the mosquito-transmited diseases, a comprehensive study
on the characteristics of the mosquito larval breeding sites were carried out in the districts of Minab during
1983-1984. In this program a total of 6500 fourth instar mosquito larvae from 217 breeding sites in 12 districts,
representing 20 species in 5 genera, were collected. Seven species belonged to the subfamily Anophelinae and
the remainder to the subfamily culicinae. The presence of four important malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi,
An. fluviatilis , _. dthali and An. superpictus,
in this area where malaria is still the number one health
problem, is of great importance. Also presence of species *
such as Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, Cx.quinque¬fasciatus Cx. theileri, _. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes
caspius and Aedes cabalus may have great consequence due to their role in transmitting arboviruses to human and
animals. This study showed 15 kinds of breeding sites in the districts of Minab. Seven types of them were of
natural breeding sites and the remainder were artificial ones. The natural breeding sites included the margins of
rivers 51. 7%, seepages 13.4%, pits 8.9%, Springs 5.3%, marshes 1,3%, natural meadows 0.9%, streams 0.4%., The
artificial breeding sites included the agriculture streams 4.9%, the main and secondary irrigation canals
of Minab dam 3.1%, ponds 2.7%, the stagnant water in palm plantations 2.2%, leakages 2.2%, wells 1.3%, palm irriga¬
tion canals 1.3% and the water oozing 0.4%. The charac¬teristics of the breeding sites of each species and their
local distribution in the districts of Minab have been
discussed seperately in this paper.With regard to the importance of using biological
_
methods and sanitation in the control of mosquitoes and the mosquito-transmited diseases, a comprehensive study
on the characteristics of the mosquito larval breeding sites were carried out in the districts of Minab during
1983-1984. In this program a total of 6500 fourth instar mosquito larvae from 217 breeding sites in 12 districts,
representing 20 species in 5 genera, were collected. Seven species belonged to the subfamily Anophelinae and
the remainder to the subfamily culicinae. The presence of four important malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi,
An. fluviatilis , _. dthali and An. superpictus,
in this area where malaria is still the number one health
problem, is of great importance. Also presence of species *
such as Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, Cx.quinque¬fasciatus Cx. theileri, _. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes
caspius and Aedes cabalus may have great consequence due to their role in transmitting arboviruses to human and
animals. This study showed 15 kinds of breeding sites in the districts of Minab. Seven types of them were of
natural breeding sites and the remainder were artificial ones. The natural breeding sites included the margins of
rivers 51. 7%, seepages 13.4%, pits 8.9%, Springs 5.3%, marshes 1,3%, natural meadows 0.9%, streams 0.4%., The
artificial breeding sites included the agriculture streams 4.9%, the main and secondary irrigation canals
of Minab dam 3.1%, ponds 2.7%, the stagnant water in palm plantations 2.2%, leakages 2.2%, wells 1.3%, palm irriga¬
tion canals 1.3% and the water oozing 0.4%. The charac¬teristics of the breeding sites of each species and their
local distribution in the districts of Minab have been
discussed seperately in this paper.دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14346FAJournal Article19700101Ecological Survey of sea birds in sheedvar island
0 0
(26 ,48 Nand 53 ,25 E) Undertaken during their breeding
Season. Sheedvar i. an Uninhabited island, Situated of
about 1. 5KID. east of Lavan Island in Persian Gulf.
The island is made of coral reef covered by sand over most part of it. the extent of the corals is differ¬
ent around the island, and in some places, extended into the sea under the water sunface in a distance of about
50meters from the island shore.
Different aspects of ecological factors in relation to its ornithology were considered and studied.
Soil texture is very light, and only in central parts of the island is changed to loamy sand.
Vegetation System of the island is mainly hallophyte
and reaches to 1 meter height in maximum. Yearly, percipitation is lower than 100 rom with very high temperature during spring and summar months.
Maximum temperature and humidity occur during July and August. Temperature during these months reaches over 4Soc in shadow.
4 species Df breeding Terns and 10 species of other birds were identified in the island.
Distribution and population of terns were studied and
during the surveys, population of all birds in the island estimated about 38000 birds as total.Ecological Survey of sea birds in sheedvar island
0 0
(26 ,48 Nand 53 ,25 E) Undertaken during their breeding
Season. Sheedvar i. an Uninhabited island, Situated of
about 1. 5KID. east of Lavan Island in Persian Gulf.
The island is made of coral reef covered by sand over most part of it. the extent of the corals is differ¬
ent around the island, and in some places, extended into the sea under the water sunface in a distance of about
50meters from the island shore.
Different aspects of ecological factors in relation to its ornithology were considered and studied.
Soil texture is very light, and only in central parts of the island is changed to loamy sand.
Vegetation System of the island is mainly hallophyte
and reaches to 1 meter height in maximum. Yearly, percipitation is lower than 100 rom with very high temperature during spring and summar months.
Maximum temperature and humidity occur during July and August. Temperature during these months reaches over 4Soc in shadow.
4 species Df breeding Terns and 10 species of other birds were identified in the island.
Distribution and population of terns were studied and
during the surveys, population of all birds in the island estimated about 38000 birds as total.دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14347FAJournal Article19700101The theory of island biogeography and the significan¬
ce of it's recommendations and predictions in design and management of natural reserves is briefly discussed. The
relations of species diversity and species extinction rates to size and distribution of reserves are presented.
The situation of Persian Fallow Deer (Cervus dama mesopo¬
tamicus) at three" island habitats" of Dez wildlife Refu¬ge, Dashte Naz and Ashk Island(Uromeih Lake) is discussed
in the framework of the predictions of the theoryThe theory of island biogeography and the significan¬
ce of it's recommendations and predictions in design and management of natural reserves is briefly discussed. The
relations of species diversity and species extinction rates to size and distribution of reserves are presented.
The situation of Persian Fallow Deer (Cervus dama mesopo¬
tamicus) at three" island habitats" of Dez wildlife Refu¬ge, Dashte Naz and Ashk Island(Uromeih Lake) is discussed
in the framework of the predictions of the theoryدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14348FAJournal Article19700101The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae)contains various species that attack man and domestic animals and
cause myasis.Chrxsomxa megacephala and Ch. albiceps were reported by James in 1974 from Palearctic region and
Iran, with no indication of their location in the latter
area.
The two named species were collected from Bandar¬
Abbas and Minab counties, Hormozgan province, southern Iran during the studies carried out on the fauna of the
flies of medical importance in that area during 1985-1987. The specimens were compared with those of the British
Museum(Natural History) and were confirmed as Ch.megace¬phala and Ch. albicegs.The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae)contains various species that attack man and domestic animals and
cause myasis.Chrxsomxa megacephala and Ch. albiceps were reported by James in 1974 from Palearctic region and
Iran, with no indication of their location in the latter
area.
The two named species were collected from Bandar¬
Abbas and Minab counties, Hormozgan province, southern Iran during the studies carried out on the fauna of the
flies of medical importance in that area during 1985-1987. The specimens were compared with those of the British
Museum(Natural History) and were confirmed as Ch.megace¬phala and Ch. albicegs.دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14349FAJournal Article19700101دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14350FAJournal Article19700101In this article the increasing viral contamination
of water resources as amajor problem is discussed.The
grouth of human population together with the kinds of industial development that water is used subtantially
for functioning processing. The use of water in industery as well as in agriculture demands the recycling of waste¬
water. The elimiation.of pathogenic viruses from contami¬
nated wastewater by the present water treatment procedur¬es are insufficient, since the viruses can be active in
the water for several months.
cousumption of such water by people can cause certain viral diseases. Although in our country the shellfish
and oysters are not cousumed, yet in some other countries
the people eat these sea products and they become ill.
Finally in this article, the Physical and chemical
methods of eliminating virus from water are discussed and suggestion and advices related to these problems are madeIn this article the increasing viral contamination
of water resources as amajor problem is discussed.The
grouth of human population together with the kinds of industial development that water is used subtantially
for functioning processing. The use of water in industery as well as in agriculture demands the recycling of waste¬
water. The elimiation.of pathogenic viruses from contami¬
nated wastewater by the present water treatment procedur¬es are insufficient, since the viruses can be active in
the water for several months.
cousumption of such water by people can cause certain viral diseases. Although in our country the shellfish
and oysters are not cousumed, yet in some other countries
the people eat these sea products and they become ill.
Finally in this article, the Physical and chemical
methods of eliminating virus from water are discussed and suggestion and advices related to these problems are madeدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14351FAJournal Article19700101--دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14352FAJournal Article19700101Conservation objectives which acount as milestones for different management classifications and strategies,
have been discussed in this article. Classification gives the opportunity for the world-wide network of National
parks and equivalent Reserves, to Share common and appro¬prate managerial process.
The IUCN classification system, proposed over a
decade ago, still holds
its
significance today.Unfortuna¬
tely it
is not sufficiently appreFiated in many countri¬
es. To accomplish the world conservation Strategy,it is essential to employ area classification system in terms
of objectives and management. The article further examins the view Point of some prominent experts on the following:
The main obstacles to achieving conservation;dispro¬
portionate growth of protected areas versus uprising trend in nature's expfoitation and destruction; major
inadequacies in management of protected areas and empha¬sising the need for conservation issues based on IUCN's guidelines; to compare existing reserve system in Iran with INCN's classificationConservation objectives which acount as milestones for different management classifications and strategies,
have been discussed in this article. Classification gives the opportunity for the world-wide network of National
parks and equivalent Reserves, to Share common and appro¬prate managerial process.
The IUCN classification system, proposed over a
decade ago, still holds
its
significance today.Unfortuna¬
tely it
is not sufficiently appreFiated in many countri¬
es. To accomplish the world conservation Strategy,it is essential to employ area classification system in terms
of objectives and management. The article further examins the view Point of some prominent experts on the following:
The main obstacles to achieving conservation;dispro¬
portionate growth of protected areas versus uprising trend in nature's expfoitation and destruction; major
inadequacies in management of protected areas and empha¬sising the need for conservation issues based on IUCN's guidelines; to compare existing reserve system in Iran with INCN's classificationدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14353FAJournal Article19700101--دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14354FAJournal Article19700101--دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620141419870220--14355FAJournal Article19700101--