دانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121The Feasibility of Ecotourism Potential of CharMahal and Baktiari Province, by using the SWOT methodThe Feasibility of Ecotourism Potential of CharMahal and Baktiari Province, by using the SWOT method27289FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27289_1f6b67cf7255c20a7e94c8141f5f0903.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121A Study and Analysis of Physical Development of Saghez and it's Future Optimization Development with the Use of G I SA Study and Analysis of Physical Development of Saghez and it's Future Optimization Development with the Use of G I S27290FAJournal Article19700101In recent decades, the city development and city settlement have been tremendous. This has caused unequal physical and spatial expansion. The 21st century is the century of the city and living in city and almost half of the world population live as citizen. A glance at forecasting the data and statistics in 1400 shows an estimation of 130 millions of population and the calculation of present citizen growth makes the need of the areas as much as double. This growth often occurs at cities where land-use is the cause of spoiling optimal land and deterioration of sensitive ecosystem. In our country this case has caused problem. Saghez is one of the northern cities of Kordestan province which is not an exception. The growth and physical development of this city is along the horizontal direction and the extension of buildings in the city is around the central core towards the periphery which has caused the annihilation of agricultural fields and garden. An important problem of this kind of development besides the said problem results in social disorder, unequal distribution of land use, the population growth, growth in immigration, the environmental danger, in proportionate specific land-use in city building principal i.e. Wind direction, land slope, direction scope to mention few. This article considers the present physical development and then the optimization of direction for the physical development of the city with the use of human and natural factors through geographical information system.In recent decades, the city development and city settlement have been tremendous. This has caused unequal physical and spatial expansion. The 21st century is the century of the city and living in city and almost half of the world population live as citizen. A glance at forecasting the data and statistics in 1400 shows an estimation of 130 millions of population and the calculation of present citizen growth makes the need of the areas as much as double. This growth often occurs at cities where land-use is the cause of spoiling optimal land and deterioration of sensitive ecosystem. In our country this case has caused problem. Saghez is one of the northern cities of Kordestan province which is not an exception. The growth and physical development of this city is along the horizontal direction and the extension of buildings in the city is around the central core towards the periphery which has caused the annihilation of agricultural fields and garden. An important problem of this kind of development besides the said problem results in social disorder, unequal distribution of land use, the population growth, growth in immigration, the environmental danger, in proportionate specific land-use in city building principal i.e. Wind direction, land slope, direction scope to mention few. This article considers the present physical development and then the optimization of direction for the physical development of the city with the use of human and natural factors through geographical information system.https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27290_bd3a6d59b22f58cf195b32275356df83.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Investigation of Salt Water Intrusion into Sari AquiferInvestigation of Salt Water Intrusion into Sari Aquifer27291FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27291_a135f8ddc0c7ef448b11183e900c295e.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Share of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Distribution of Heavy Metals in a Sediment Core from Zarivar LakeShare of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Distribution of Heavy Metals in a Sediment Core from Zarivar Lake27292FAJournal Article19700101Sediment core samples can provide useful information about aquatic environment. Sedimentation rate, climate changes and heavy metal concentration are among the most important studies that are carried out on sediment cores. In this study, a sediment core of 70cm with aim of metal concentration investigation is collected from central part of the Zarivar lake in the vicinity of the Marivan city in Kurdistan province. After sub sectioning the bulk concentration of metals was obtained using HF- HCl- HNO3. The share of lithogenous and anthropogenic concentration of metals was brought out by chemical partitioning technique. The results of chemical partitioning studies revealed that a considerable part of metals are present in anthropogenic fraction as follows
Pb (76.2%)>Mn(53.3%)>Co(50.6%)>Cu(47.4%)>Zn(27.5%)>Ni(18%)>Fe(7.9%)
Results of the present investigation showed that statistical studies such as cluster analysis are not sufficient to identify existence of pollution. The results of chemical partitioning studies indicate that Zarivar lake is polluted but cluster analysis illustrates an unpolluted environment. Except for Cu, a significant portion of other metals are present as loosely bonded ions that can be easily released into the overlying waters due to slight changes in physico-chemical characteristics of water column. Presence of small amount of Fe and Mn as sulfides is indicative of prevailing redox conditions over the anoxic ones. Based on the obtained data, the existing condition of Zarivar lake in terms of contamination is not suitable and with increasing of red ox condition, the possibility of increase in contamination is probableSediment core samples can provide useful information about aquatic environment. Sedimentation rate, climate changes and heavy metal concentration are among the most important studies that are carried out on sediment cores. In this study, a sediment core of 70cm with aim of metal concentration investigation is collected from central part of the Zarivar lake in the vicinity of the Marivan city in Kurdistan province. After sub sectioning the bulk concentration of metals was obtained using HF- HCl- HNO3. The share of lithogenous and anthropogenic concentration of metals was brought out by chemical partitioning technique. The results of chemical partitioning studies revealed that a considerable part of metals are present in anthropogenic fraction as follows
Pb (76.2%)>Mn(53.3%)>Co(50.6%)>Cu(47.4%)>Zn(27.5%)>Ni(18%)>Fe(7.9%)
Results of the present investigation showed that statistical studies such as cluster analysis are not sufficient to identify existence of pollution. The results of chemical partitioning studies indicate that Zarivar lake is polluted but cluster analysis illustrates an unpolluted environment. Except for Cu, a significant portion of other metals are present as loosely bonded ions that can be easily released into the overlying waters due to slight changes in physico-chemical characteristics of water column. Presence of small amount of Fe and Mn as sulfides is indicative of prevailing redox conditions over the anoxic ones. Based on the obtained data, the existing condition of Zarivar lake in terms of contamination is not suitable and with increasing of red ox condition, the possibility of increase in contamination is probablehttps://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27292_416cf1320c1f7335c2ff1c4d0f964c56.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mapping Using Geographic Information System (Case Study of TehranPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mapping Using Geographic Information System (Case Study of Tehran27293FAJournal Article19700101Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds made up of two or more fused benzene rings in linear, angular or cluster arrangements. The PAHs are formed by incomplete combustion or high temperature pyrolytic process involving organic matter. Thirty sampling sites were selected to characterize the PAHs concentrations in ambient air in Tehran. Sixteen PAHs were measured simultaneously in particles phase of urban area in Tehran’s atmosphere. In order to understand the distribution of PAHs at Tehran area, 1-year sampling program was undertaken. A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing geographic phenomenon that exist and events that occur on Earth. Several efforts have been made for mapping PAHs related pollution and determining pollution patterns in urban areas using GIS. This study revealed that most concentration of cancerous PAHs compounds was found in district 16 (950.47 ng/m3) and lowest concentration in district 2 (19.59 ng/m3).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds made up of two or more fused benzene rings in linear, angular or cluster arrangements. The PAHs are formed by incomplete combustion or high temperature pyrolytic process involving organic matter. Thirty sampling sites were selected to characterize the PAHs concentrations in ambient air in Tehran. Sixteen PAHs were measured simultaneously in particles phase of urban area in Tehran’s atmosphere. In order to understand the distribution of PAHs at Tehran area, 1-year sampling program was undertaken. A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing geographic phenomenon that exist and events that occur on Earth. Several efforts have been made for mapping PAHs related pollution and determining pollution patterns in urban areas using GIS. This study revealed that most concentration of cancerous PAHs compounds was found in district 16 (950.47 ng/m3) and lowest concentration in district 2 (19.59 ng/m3).https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27293_0c339897e29f4a7be65e9ba72ae0070f.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Economic Feasibility Study of Substituting Gasoline with CNG in Tehran's TaxiEconomic Feasibility Study of Substituting Gasoline with CNG in Tehran's Taxi27294FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27294_fd420059c0c6372aaedd303903d58f01.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Investigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil, Leave and Fruit of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Irrigated with Municipal EffluentInvestigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil, Leave and Fruit of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Irrigated with Municipal Effluent27295FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27295_d8cb4a86ff6222cc069b052ee9ec2346.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Desulphurization of coal by using of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteriaDesulphurization of coal by using of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria27296FAJournal Article19700101A new solution aiming at coal biodesulphurization has been developed based on the use of bacteria. The most frequently used species of bacteria for removal of inorganic sulphur compounds are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus acidophilus. In this study the coal sample was decomposed initially and desulphurization experiments was carried out in pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Microbial oxidation of pyrite, the main source of inorganic sulphur in coal, is a complex multistage process that the rate of this process is about 1000 times higher than that of the analogous chemical process. The achieved results of using bacteria on coal desulphurization shown when using T. thiooxidans 0.36 mmol sulphuric acid is produced without sulphur and 7.43 mmol with elementary sulphur. Amount of this acid in pure culture of T. ferrooxidans were 0.19 and 1.37 mmol respectively. Content of sulphuric acid produced by mixed cultures of bacteria were 0.92 and 7.86 mmol respectively. The sulphric acid produced by mixed cultures of T.ferrooxidans and T.thiooxidans was higher than the pure cultures of each bacterium. The optimum conditions for the highest desulphurization were shown that solid weight percent less than 3 percent, temperature 30°C to 35°C, pH =2 and the times were sixty days. The best efficiency of removing sulphur was shown on mixed cultures of T. ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans. Studies of these kinds of microorganisms are of great economical importance and may provide a solution to the ecological problems many countries are facing.A new solution aiming at coal biodesulphurization has been developed based on the use of bacteria. The most frequently used species of bacteria for removal of inorganic sulphur compounds are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus acidophilus. In this study the coal sample was decomposed initially and desulphurization experiments was carried out in pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Microbial oxidation of pyrite, the main source of inorganic sulphur in coal, is a complex multistage process that the rate of this process is about 1000 times higher than that of the analogous chemical process. The achieved results of using bacteria on coal desulphurization shown when using T. thiooxidans 0.36 mmol sulphuric acid is produced without sulphur and 7.43 mmol with elementary sulphur. Amount of this acid in pure culture of T. ferrooxidans were 0.19 and 1.37 mmol respectively. Content of sulphuric acid produced by mixed cultures of bacteria were 0.92 and 7.86 mmol respectively. The sulphric acid produced by mixed cultures of T.ferrooxidans and T.thiooxidans was higher than the pure cultures of each bacterium. The optimum conditions for the highest desulphurization were shown that solid weight percent less than 3 percent, temperature 30°C to 35°C, pH =2 and the times were sixty days. The best efficiency of removing sulphur was shown on mixed cultures of T. ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans. Studies of these kinds of microorganisms are of great economical importance and may provide a solution to the ecological problems many countries are facing.https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27296_c8770b44ce7cd235fd81620ff381f1ca.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Reliability and Validity of Young's SchemaReliability and Validity of Young's Schema27297FAJournal Article19700101The aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Schema Questionnaire, including reliability and validity in a sample of university students (n=387). The original version of the Schema Questionnaire was made for measuring the early maladaptive schemas by Young adults. It is assumed that early maladaptive schemas may lead to psychological disorders. The factor analysis of 205 item of the schema Questionnaire confirmed the Young's offered schemas. The Short Form of Schema Questionnaire (SQ-SF) is made for measuring of 15 early maladaptive schemas based on original version (Young, 1998). Factor analysis with principle component method extracted 11 factors in this study. Results of SCL-25 Questionnaire showed that the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF) has enough construct validity for students of university population. .The aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Schema Questionnaire, including reliability and validity in a sample of university students (n=387). The original version of the Schema Questionnaire was made for measuring the early maladaptive schemas by Young adults. It is assumed that early maladaptive schemas may lead to psychological disorders. The factor analysis of 205 item of the schema Questionnaire confirmed the Young's offered schemas. The Short Form of Schema Questionnaire (SQ-SF) is made for measuring of 15 early maladaptive schemas based on original version (Young, 1998). Factor analysis with principle component method extracted 11 factors in this study. Results of SCL-25 Questionnaire showed that the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF) has enough construct validity for students of university population. .https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27297_06c435a4ffe72de37d6b87fb0e73bb0f.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Effective Bioclimatic Indexes on Human Comfort Assessment(Case study: Ghom City)Effective Bioclimatic Indexes on Human Comfort Assessment(Case study: Ghom City)27298FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27298_826b40c352a261d00d40a3f931ebca55.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121A New Method of Utilizing Water Resources in Dry Land Watersheds(Case study: Marvast Dam-IranA New Method of Utilizing Water Resources in Dry Land Watersheds(Case study: Marvast Dam-Iran27299FAJournal Article19700101Water is an important element and plays a vital role in the formation and survival of natural, economical and social systems in dry climates. Thus, there is a significant necessity to present an optimal method for utilization of water resources in these regions. Constructing dams has been a prevalent method for exploitation of water shed resources for a long time which has positive and negative impacts on the environment. Marvast dam in Yazd province-Iran with the aim of supplying agricultural water in Marvast desert and preventing groundwater loss is studied in this paper. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with two methods of Checklist and ICOLD matrix has been used as a tool to study and decrease the above mentioned impacts. In this method, it was attempted to implement the practical and quantitative models such as estimating the rate of Sedimentation, Flood, Stratification, and Eutrophication. Based upon achieved results and mentioned models, it was recommended to use a combined method to utilize the water resources in Marvast desert. In this method that has major elements including surface waters, ground waters and agricultural wells, the plan for exploitation of water resources is dependent on water input to dam reservoir, region’s irrigation calendar, cultivated land of region, and aquifer surface. This method would result in less negative environmental impact in addition to up to 96.1% increase in irrigation output.Water is an important element and plays a vital role in the formation and survival of natural, economical and social systems in dry climates. Thus, there is a significant necessity to present an optimal method for utilization of water resources in these regions. Constructing dams has been a prevalent method for exploitation of water shed resources for a long time which has positive and negative impacts on the environment. Marvast dam in Yazd province-Iran with the aim of supplying agricultural water in Marvast desert and preventing groundwater loss is studied in this paper. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with two methods of Checklist and ICOLD matrix has been used as a tool to study and decrease the above mentioned impacts. In this method, it was attempted to implement the practical and quantitative models such as estimating the rate of Sedimentation, Flood, Stratification, and Eutrophication. Based upon achieved results and mentioned models, it was recommended to use a combined method to utilize the water resources in Marvast desert. In this method that has major elements including surface waters, ground waters and agricultural wells, the plan for exploitation of water resources is dependent on water input to dam reservoir, region’s irrigation calendar, cultivated land of region, and aquifer surface. This method would result in less negative environmental impact in addition to up to 96.1% increase in irrigation output.https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27299_f411bb6e7dcfbc2fd7136dcdc0cc55f8.pdfدانشگاه تهرانJournal of Environmental Studies1025-8620344720081121Factors Affecting on Public Participation of Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Environmental ConservationFactors Affecting on Public Participation of Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Environmental Conservation27300FAJournal Article19700101https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27300_32c7cdc7ca39873cbb94aff8c5ebfc0c.pdf