دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Studies on Halophytes of the Oil Field
Areas, Sw. Iran: L Distribution and
Floristic Composition
Studies on Halophytes of the Oil Field
Areas, Sw. Iran: L Distribution and
Floristic Composition
25631
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
The extensive lowland of Khuzistan in SW.Iran, with halophytes
vegetation has been studied floristically . Brief information on the climate,
lithology and habitat of the area are presented . The hot desert of lowland
of the Persian Gulf area with complex floristic situation is described. Their
phytogeographical and taxonomic relationships are discussed in detail and
attempts are made to relate the distributional patterns to certain ecological
factors. 22.6% of species are Irano- Turanian & Saharo - Sindian ; 20%
Sah-Sin & Ir.-Tur . & Mediterranean; 13.6% cosmopolitan; 11.8% SaharoSindian;
7.9% Pluriregional; 6.8% Paleotropic; 5% Ir. Tur. & Medi.; 5%
Sah.-Sin. & Medi.; 3-8% Omni-Sindian and 3.5% Irano-Turanian. Further
aspects pointed out are the representation of life form of families and
genera and their enviroment
The extensive lowland of Khuzistan in SW.Iran, with halophytes
vegetation has been studied floristically . Brief information on the climate,
lithology and habitat of the area are presented . The hot desert of lowland
of the Persian Gulf area with complex floristic situation is described. Their
phytogeographical and taxonomic relationships are discussed in detail and
attempts are made to relate the distributional patterns to certain ecological
factors. 22.6% of species are Irano- Turanian & Saharo - Sindian ; 20%
Sah-Sin & Ir.-Tur . & Mediterranean; 13.6% cosmopolitan; 11.8% SaharoSindian;
7.9% Pluriregional; 6.8% Paleotropic; 5% Ir. Tur. & Medi.; 5%
Sah.-Sin. & Medi.; 3-8% Omni-Sindian and 3.5% Irano-Turanian. Further
aspects pointed out are the representation of life form of families and
genera and their enviroment
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25631_62c17c2e80ab0dc23d42657cc9d3dbc3.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
The Community of Birds of
Markazi Province
The Community of Birds of
Markazi Province
25632
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
During a five years survey in Markazi Province, 136 species related
to 42 bird's family have been identified, that include 27% of the
birds' species and 58% of the birds families of Iran. (Iranian Birds).
36% of birds were endemic and 64% were migrant. Cosidering the
species variety in Markazi province, Sylvidae family is number one.
The population of corvidae family are more than other families. The
variety and frequencey of the species in spring and fall were more
than other seasons. Mostly, endemic birds can be found in Markazi
province in winter and wintering migratory are rarely found,
because of the cold weather.
A species of importance with low population (Grus grus) is seen
around Mighan wetland in fall with population of 2-4 thousands.
The Alectoris chukar and Ammoperdix grisogularis are two
important species of endemic birds of this province that migrate to
hilside and deserts in the winter and to mountain region in the
summer.
During the survey a number of birds captured by Misnet released,
after they have been ringed
During a five years survey in Markazi Province, 136 species related
to 42 bird's family have been identified, that include 27% of the
birds' species and 58% of the birds families of Iran. (Iranian Birds).
36% of birds were endemic and 64% were migrant. Cosidering the
species variety in Markazi province, Sylvidae family is number one.
The population of corvidae family are more than other families. The
variety and frequencey of the species in spring and fall were more
than other seasons. Mostly, endemic birds can be found in Markazi
province in winter and wintering migratory are rarely found,
because of the cold weather.
A species of importance with low population (Grus grus) is seen
around Mighan wetland in fall with population of 2-4 thousands.
The Alectoris chukar and Ammoperdix grisogularis are two
important species of endemic birds of this province that migrate to
hilside and deserts in the winter and to mountain region in the
summer.
During the survey a number of birds captured by Misnet released,
after they have been ringed
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25632_51ce2a016286b09ad641838e5b71eb14.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Land Use Planning For Forest
Catchments Of Arasbaran
Land Use Planning For Forest
Catchments Of Arasbaran
25633
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
In this study, land use palnning for six hydrological units (296690 ha) of
Arasbaran forest catchments (NW of Iran in Azarbaijan) has been
conducted. the main objectives of the plan were to promote sustainable
use, to increase living conditions , and enhance environmental conservation
in the region.
First, ecological and socio-economic resources were surveyed and mapped
(scale 1:50000). Then data analysis and integration with system analysis
approach were performed. As a result, 3556 micro-ecosystems were
mapped. Ecological capability of mapping unit (MU) was evaluated for:
agriculture, range management, forestry, ecotourism and conservation with
the aid of specified ecological models. Finally with coordination of socioeconomic
data and ecological capability of MU, periority of land uses with
qualitative-analogous method was established. At the end, map of land use
planning for six hydrological units was depicted for management
purposes.
The results show that %5.38 of allocated land use is suitable for irrigation
farming, %1.32 for dry farming, %17.43 for range management, %15.17
for protected forestry, %2.13 for forest plantation , %28.47 for' extensive
ecotourism, %0.01 for intensive ecotourism and finally .%30.09 for
conservation.
In this study, land use palnning for six hydrological units (296690 ha) of
Arasbaran forest catchments (NW of Iran in Azarbaijan) has been
conducted. the main objectives of the plan were to promote sustainable
use, to increase living conditions , and enhance environmental conservation
in the region.
First, ecological and socio-economic resources were surveyed and mapped
(scale 1:50000). Then data analysis and integration with system analysis
approach were performed. As a result, 3556 micro-ecosystems were
mapped. Ecological capability of mapping unit (MU) was evaluated for:
agriculture, range management, forestry, ecotourism and conservation with
the aid of specified ecological models. Finally with coordination of socioeconomic
data and ecological capability of MU, periority of land uses with
qualitative-analogous method was established. At the end, map of land use
planning for six hydrological units was depicted for management
purposes.
The results show that %5.38 of allocated land use is suitable for irrigation
farming, %1.32 for dry farming, %17.43 for range management, %15.17
for protected forestry, %2.13 for forest plantation , %28.47 for' extensive
ecotourism, %0.01 for intensive ecotourism and finally .%30.09 for
conservation.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25633_538c959592530828089801955e68a74e.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
The Role of Environmental Non-Governmental
Organizations
in Citizens Participation f or
Environmental Conservation in Iran
The Role of Environmental Non-Governmental
Organizations
in Citizens Participation f or
Environmental Conservation in Iran
25634
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
This research focuses on the role of the environmental nongovernmental
organizations in Iran and also the evaluation of their
performance in achieving public participation to protect
environment. Findings of this research .reveal that so far these
organizations have lacked the ability to prepare the context for
people involvement in environmental conservation, which is due to
several major constraints. Political, legal, and judiciary factors have
been the major obstacles against the establishment and smooth
activities of these organizations. A few organizations which have
overcome the difficulties and began their activities, have not been
able to make significant impact on protecting the environment. Lack
of experience, both in organization and people, were another factor
in limiting the success of these organizations in Iran. To be
successful, the environmental non-governmental organizations in
Iran, require proper political, legal, social and economic settings, as
well as the knowledge and skill of running these kind of
organizations
This research focuses on the role of the environmental nongovernmental
organizations in Iran and also the evaluation of their
performance in achieving public participation to protect
environment. Findings of this research .reveal that so far these
organizations have lacked the ability to prepare the context for
people involvement in environmental conservation, which is due to
several major constraints. Political, legal, and judiciary factors have
been the major obstacles against the establishment and smooth
activities of these organizations. A few organizations which have
overcome the difficulties and began their activities, have not been
able to make significant impact on protecting the environment. Lack
of experience, both in organization and people, were another factor
in limiting the success of these organizations in Iran. To be
successful, the environmental non-governmental organizations in
Iran, require proper political, legal, social and economic settings, as
well as the knowledge and skill of running these kind of
organizations
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25634_4729daaf80f61c5fef0c3fabb470ddd7.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Valuation of Environmental Assets of
Grebygan Manmade Forest by
using Extended Linear Expenditure System
Model (ELES)
Valuation of Environmental Assets of
Grebygan Manmade Forest by
using Extended Linear Expenditure System
Model (ELES)
25635
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
This study has been conducted for the first time in Iran, by
contingent valuation method (CVM) and using Extended Linear
Expenditure System (ELES) to estimate nonrnarket services of
Gerebygan manmade forest.
According to this study the Existance value of three principal
nonrnarket services including climat regulation, Erosion control and
habitat/refugia estimated respectively at 32250934930 Rial,($ 3.9M)
29627233260 Rial ($ 3.5M), and 25933208830 Rial($ 3M).
This study has been conducted for the first time in Iran, by
contingent valuation method (CVM) and using Extended Linear
Expenditure System (ELES) to estimate nonrnarket services of
Gerebygan manmade forest.
According to this study the Existance value of three principal
nonrnarket services including climat regulation, Erosion control and
habitat/refugia estimated respectively at 32250934930 Rial,($ 3.9M)
29627233260 Rial ($ 3.5M), and 25933208830 Rial($ 3M).
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25635_158bf4536af06fdffd339b8d8c68b31d.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Environmental Management of
Siah-Rud River and Economic Analysis on
Sewage Purification
Environmental Management of
Siah-Rud River and Economic Analysis on
Sewage Purification
25636
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Considering the water scarcity in Iran and the importance of
environmental protection, it is approperiate to investigate the
\ environmental management of Siah-Rud river. It is a small river
being utilized as discharge channel by factories located in the
vicinity of the river. The physico-chemical characteristics of river
water at 10 different sampling locations 'along with coefficient of
aeration (K1, Kd) , and self purification of the river were determined.
Using a linear computer programme , an optimization-model for the
minimum treatment efficiency at each pollutant source, along with
dissolved oxygen and BOD, in the course of river was developed
Considering the water scarcity in Iran and the importance of
environmental protection, it is approperiate to investigate the
\ environmental management of Siah-Rud river. It is a small river
being utilized as discharge channel by factories located in the
vicinity of the river. The physico-chemical characteristics of river
water at 10 different sampling locations 'along with coefficient of
aeration (K1, Kd) , and self purification of the river were determined.
Using a linear computer programme , an optimization-model for the
minimum treatment efficiency at each pollutant source, along with
dissolved oxygen and BOD, in the course of river was developed
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25636_d435ea0b744635d9fef13a38ce863cc7.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Plant Pollution from Lead Produced by
Automobile Exhaust System Near 'Certain
High ways of Iran
Plant Pollution from Lead Produced by
Automobile Exhaust System Near 'Certain
High ways of Iran
25637
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Plants polluted with Pb produced by automobiles along the roads
and highways have extensively been reported all over the world. It is
the most important source of pollution in the environment. This
research was carried out to determine the polluting degree of plants
along the highways such as: Rasht-Anzaly, Kelachay-Ramsar,
Tehran-Karaj, and Isfahan-Tehran. At each arbitrary point, a transect
100 meters long perpendicular to the highway was selected for
sampling. Along each transect, plants were sampled at 15 em above
the ground, in different distances from the highway. Samples were
transported to the laboratory and analyzed by a standard method.
The average concentration of total Pb determined in Anzali, Ramsar,
Karaj and Delijan(east and west of the road) areas respectively were
114.5, 58.3, 260.2, 75.1 and 80.2 microgram per gram dry plant
weight. Total Pb content in plants along the roads were high and
exponentially decreasing with distance from the roadside . Pb
concentration in plants were higher than threshold of Standard, so
the risk of entraing of this poisonous element in nutrition system
along the roads is very considerable The plants were polluted from
medium degree up to a very high degree. The rate of pollution in
plant samples is very high in Karaj area, high in Anzali area, and
medium in Ramsar and Delijan areas. Plant pollution was directly
related to the traffic volume in road
Plants polluted with Pb produced by automobiles along the roads
and highways have extensively been reported all over the world. It is
the most important source of pollution in the environment. This
research was carried out to determine the polluting degree of plants
along the highways such as: Rasht-Anzaly, Kelachay-Ramsar,
Tehran-Karaj, and Isfahan-Tehran. At each arbitrary point, a transect
100 meters long perpendicular to the highway was selected for
sampling. Along each transect, plants were sampled at 15 em above
the ground, in different distances from the highway. Samples were
transported to the laboratory and analyzed by a standard method.
The average concentration of total Pb determined in Anzali, Ramsar,
Karaj and Delijan(east and west of the road) areas respectively were
114.5, 58.3, 260.2, 75.1 and 80.2 microgram per gram dry plant
weight. Total Pb content in plants along the roads were high and
exponentially decreasing with distance from the roadside . Pb
concentration in plants were higher than threshold of Standard, so
the risk of entraing of this poisonous element in nutrition system
along the roads is very considerable The plants were polluted from
medium degree up to a very high degree. The rate of pollution in
plant samples is very high in Karaj area, high in Anzali area, and
medium in Ramsar and Delijan areas. Plant pollution was directly
related to the traffic volume in road
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25637_a9f8b5589daaad7e6cbcd9d071b073eb.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Tehran
Agricultural Land
Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Tehran
Agricultural Land
25638
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
In order to prevent contamination of heavy metals accumlation in
soil, plant, and ground water, several methods of prevention are
studied, and tested worldwide. One of the method which has not
been studied and applied in Iran is stabilization of heavy metals in
soil by using clay minerals.
Clay minerals due to hydration properties can adsorb organic and
inorganic substances. Two clay minerals were used in this research:
Bentonite with chemical structure of 2 to I (Two layers of silica and
one layer of Aluminum) with CEC equal to 85 meq/l 00 grams and
Kaoline with chemical structure of one to one (one layer silica and
one layer Aluminum) and CEC=3 meq/ l 00 grams of soil. The
physical and chemical properties of these two kinds of clays were
different.
Stabilization of heavy metals with different percentages of these two
clays (7%, 15%, 22%) with different pH (4,7,8,11.5) were studied.
The results indicate that with increasing of stabilizing agent at pH =
7.8 and greater, stabilization of heavy metals increased significantly.
The results 'also indicate the stabilization of heavy metals decreased
rapidly at pH 4 and lower.
The results of this study agree with the work of pervious reseachers
In order to prevent contamination of heavy metals accumlation in
soil, plant, and ground water, several methods of prevention are
studied, and tested worldwide. One of the method which has not
been studied and applied in Iran is stabilization of heavy metals in
soil by using clay minerals.
Clay minerals due to hydration properties can adsorb organic and
inorganic substances. Two clay minerals were used in this research:
Bentonite with chemical structure of 2 to I (Two layers of silica and
one layer of Aluminum) with CEC equal to 85 meq/l 00 grams and
Kaoline with chemical structure of one to one (one layer silica and
one layer Aluminum) and CEC=3 meq/ l 00 grams of soil. The
physical and chemical properties of these two kinds of clays were
different.
Stabilization of heavy metals with different percentages of these two
clays (7%, 15%, 22%) with different pH (4,7,8,11.5) were studied.
The results indicate that with increasing of stabilizing agent at pH =
7.8 and greater, stabilization of heavy metals increased significantly.
The results 'also indicate the stabilization of heavy metals decreased
rapidly at pH 4 and lower.
The results of this study agree with the work of pervious reseachers
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25638_9e82cc5d2c57c5b176f7fbe7d9ea4b05.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
Developing a New Method For
Determining Measures of Local Parks in
Gorgan City In Accordance with the
Principles and Standards of Landscape
Ecology
Developing a New Method For
Determining Measures of Local Parks in
Gorgan City In Accordance with the
Principles and Standards of Landscape
Ecology
25639
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Nowadays programming and designing of green space of urban area,
without considering the criteria for 'optimum standards of green
areas is impossible, .
In this research, It is tried to determine, the per capita standard rate
of green space in different regions of Gorgan city, .
The applied methedology is an integration of several international
and local methods, based on the principles of Landscape Ecology .
The result shows that 81 percent of regions have met the standard
Nowadays programming and designing of green space of urban area,
without considering the criteria for 'optimum standards of green
areas is impossible, .
In this research, It is tried to determine, the per capita standard rate
of green space in different regions of Gorgan city, .
The applied methedology is an integration of several international
and local methods, based on the principles of Landscape Ecology .
The result shows that 81 percent of regions have met the standard
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25639_ee477d87ea01ae5562be6fe500ad023d.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
High Rise Impacts on Urban Environment
Case Study : Elahieh -Tehran
High Rise Impacts on Urban Environment
Case Study : Elahieh -Tehran
25640
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25640_c2def32a0846352974b7c7d1ee8282c3.pdf
دانشگاه تهران
Journal of Environmental Studies
1025-8620
26
26
2000
12
21
A Research Into Evolution of Attitudes
Affecting Urban Landscape Design
Principles In 20th Century And Beyond
A Research Into Evolution of Attitudes
Affecting Urban Landscape Design
Principles In 20th Century And Beyond
25641
FA
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Man's interference with environment has generally followed two
main and distinct attitudes, which has led to creation of different
urban landscapes. The first attitude is called "man compatible with
the nature" which has generally shaped landscapes till industrial age.
The second is "man dominant over the nature" affecting landscapes
since industrial age. After revealing of environmental crises - which
are the impacts of the latter- a new way of thinking is being formed,
which includes some aspects of both past attitudes. The main idea of
this new way is to go along with the nature's powers instead of
confronting them and to respect the soul and laws of the nature. This
way of thinking insists on the creation of small sizes of settlements .
In this new approach in addition to the acceptance of the role of
science, emphasis has been put on the ecological characteristics,
individual consciousness, art and creativity in landscape design.
Man's interference with environment has generally followed two
main and distinct attitudes, which has led to creation of different
urban landscapes. The first attitude is called "man compatible with
the nature" which has generally shaped landscapes till industrial age.
The second is "man dominant over the nature" affecting landscapes
since industrial age. After revealing of environmental crises - which
are the impacts of the latter- a new way of thinking is being formed,
which includes some aspects of both past attitudes. The main idea of
this new way is to go along with the nature's powers instead of
confronting them and to respect the soul and laws of the nature. This
way of thinking insists on the creation of small sizes of settlements .
In this new approach in addition to the acceptance of the role of
science, emphasis has been put on the ecological characteristics,
individual consciousness, art and creativity in landscape design.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_25641_a2fa916557176ad853aecb7575a84af3.pdf