دانشگاه تهران محیط شناسی 1025-8620 44 2 2018 09 22 Study and prioritize the various aspects of the producing transgenic plants بررسی و اولویت‏ بندی ابعاد مختلف تولید گیاهان تراریخته 321 329 68331 10.22059/jes.2018.252684.1007607 FA فاطمه باقی زاده دانش&rlm;آموخته اقتصاد منابع طبیعی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران سمیه امیرتیموری استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران 0000-0003-3534-1203 محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران 0000-0003-4292-9988 مریم ضیاءآبادی استادیار دانشکده گردشگری، مجتمع آموزش عالی بم، بم، ایران Journal Article 2018 08 01 The agricultural sector plays an important role in Iranian economy and food supplies. Iranʼs population is rising. Resources constraint, widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides, and environmental pollutions are problems of the agricultural sector in increasing agricultural production. Today, the production of transgenic plants is a new strategy for increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products worldwide. Therefore, in this study, the economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy aspects of the production of transgenic plants are examined and prioritized to determine the importance of considering each of these aspects. The Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) has been used to prioritize the criteria and sub-criteria. Data and statistics were collected through field survey and questionnaire collection from Kerman city experts in 2017. The results showed that health, environmental, economic, management-policy, and social criteria for producing these plants are the most important in terms of experts respectively. Therefore, investment and research in the field of transgenic plants can be done on the basis of the prioritization.<br /> Keywords: Analytical Hierarchical Process, Experts, Transgenic Plants.<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> Rapid population growth, food shortages and environmental hazards have caused serious global challenges. The world’s population is growing rapidly and it is forecasted to reach 8.5 billion by 2025. Providing food for people is difficult due to lack of natural resources, so malnutrition has become a serious health problem for humans. Today, genetic engineering can increase the quantity and quality of food (Ashraf and Akram, 2009). Transgenic plants are from this category.<br /> So far, in a comprehensive study, there has been no prioritization of the various aspects (economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy) of transgenic plants production in Iran. Therefore, the comprehensive study of these plants seems necessary to plan for production. Therefore, in this study, transgenic plants have been investigated from five socio-economic, social, health, health, and management aspects.<br /> <br /> Materials and Methods<br /> In this research, an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) has been used to prioritize criteria and sub-criteria. <br /> The first level of hierarchical structure includes the main goal of prioritizing the various aspects of the production of transgenic plants. The second level covers the major criteria of the production of transgenic plants, including economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy, and the final level includes sub-criteria of each of the main criteria. Data and statistics were collected through field survey and questionnaire collection from experts. Due to the lack of information from all experts in the field of genetically modified plants, 27 questionnaires were completed by experts in this field (environmental, agricultural and biotechnology experts).<br /> <br /> Discussion of Results & Conclusions<br /> After creating the decision tree in Expert Choice software and entering the data collected from the questionnaires in the form of pairwise comparisons, weights of each of the five criteria (economic, social, environmental, health, and management-policy) and their sub-criteria for plant production Transgenic was identified (Table 1-6).<br /> <br /> Table 1. Weight of different criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Health 0.456<br /> environmental 0.217<br /> Economic 0.184<br /> Management-policy 0.073<br /> social 0.071<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.08<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> Table 2. Relative weight of sub-criteria of economic criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Increase of Yield 0.418<br /> Increase of Productivity 0.271<br /> Resistance to tensions 0.188<br /> Increased foreign exchange earnings 0.087<br /> Persistence 0.036<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.08<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> Table 3. Relative weight of sub-criteria of environmental criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Health of the plants and the environment 0.491<br /> Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers 0.275<br /> Avoid waste of resources 0.123<br /> Avoid the pollution 0.111<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.05<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> Table 4. Relative weight of sub-criteria of social criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Helping to eliminate malnutrition 0.515<br /> Reducing food prices 0.321<br /> Increasing product quality 0.120<br /> Unwillingness of traditional farmer 0.044<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.09<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> Table 5. Relative weight of sub-criteria of health criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Human health 0.509<br /> Promoting nutritional value 0.251<br /> Promoting environmental health 0.171<br /> Reduce food toxicity 0.069<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.06<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> Table 6. Relative weight of sub-criteria of management-policy criteria for the production of transgenic plants<br /> Criteria Weight<br /> Expanding research centers 0.545<br /> Aligning the programs of relevant institutions 0.241<br /> Create strong management programs and systems 0.108<br /> Awareness and support of farmers 0.066<br /> Rules and policy barriers 0.066<br /> Inconsistency Rate 0.08<br /> Source: Research results<br /> <br /> The results showed that health criteria is most important in the production of these plants, and environmental, economic, managerial, policy and social criteria are in the top priority for experts, respectively. Among the health sub-criteria, improving human health and promoting nutritional value are the most important alternatives in terms of experts. The prioritization of environmental criteria has shown that the health of plants and the environment and the reduction the use of pesticides and fertilizers are the top priority. The results of the prioritization of the economic sub-criteria indicate that the increase of yield and increase of productivity have the highest priority in terms of experts. Also, the results showed that the expansion of research centers and aligning the programs of relevant institutions are among the most important management-policy options. Based on the results of the social criteria prioritization, helping to eliminate malnutrition and reducing food prices were the highest priority in terms of experts. Therefore, we can recommend that research and investment in the field of production of these plants primarily lead to health and then to the environment and other aspects of the other. بخش کشاورزی نقش مهمی در اقتصاد ایران و تأمین مواد غذایی دارد. جمعیت ایران در حال افزایش است. محدودیت منابع، کاربرد گسترده کودها و آفت‌کش‌ها و آلودگی‌ های زیست‌ محیطی از مسائل و مشکلات بخش کشاورزی در زمینه افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی می ‏باشند. امروزه تولید گیاهان ترا ریخته به‏ عنوان راهکاری نوین جهت افزایش کمیت و کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی در سطح جهانی مطرح می‏ شود. لذا در این مطالعه، ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی، بهداشت - سلامت و مدیریتی - سیاستی تولید گیاهان ترا ریخته، بررسی و اولویت‏ بندی شده است تا درجه اهمیت و لزوم توجه به هر یک از این ابعاد، مشخص شود. به‏ منظور اولویت‏ بندی معیارها و زیرمعیارها از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد. آمار و اطلاعات لازم از طریق پیمایش میدانی و جمع‏ آوری پرسش نامه از خبرگان در سال 1396 گردآوری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که معیارهای بهداشت - سلامت، زیست محیطی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی - سیاستی و اجتماعی برای تولید این گیاهان به‏ ترتیب دارای بالاترین اهمیت از نظر خبرگان می‏ باشند. لذا سرمایه‏ گذاری و تحقیقات در زمینه گیاهان ترا ریخته را می ‏توان بر اساس اولویت‏ بندی مذکور انجام داد.‏ https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_68331_044ddd1b5b0dbf434c51e501b2a26268.pdf