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Generally, general Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has brought a great change in the Environmental data analysis, but a big volume of spatial data and relative complexity of common Environmental Models, make the analysis process time consuming. Goals of this study include: investigating the possibility of automatic execution of Degradation Model in the GIS environment and programming of user friendly software in GIS-ArcView. By Avenue language, required scripts for executing of degradation model were programmed. All scripts constituted a unit set called Degradation Model (IRAN) Extension. This Extension consist of one menu (involving 15 submenu) and two tools in tools bar. The first and second parts of menu are for input data. Third part of menu consist for storing data analyzing. In the forth part, degradation model coefficient is calculated according to the model for each unit. After classification of degradation coefficients, susceptible area to development, undevelopable areas and sensitive areas are determined. Tools of this extension are used for drawing of grid on study region and inputting degradation factors intensity. To verify this extension, environmental impact assessment process was executed in an area (320983 hectare) with both manual and automatic methods. Comparison of results of two methods showed that automatic method decreases required execution time considerably and increases accuracy of model execution by 13/4 percent
Abstract: In order to evaluate municipal effluent in irrigation of green spaces an experiment in the Marvadasht sewage treatment plant with panting 14 tree species using effluent and bore hole water with trickle systems (bubbler) for 26 months was conducted. A monitoring program including: evaluation of water quality, trees survival and signs of possible disease was scheduled. This paper deals with water quality assessment and the concentration of some elements affecting on the health of trees and percentage of survival. Results showed the applied effluent was a medium effluent in terms of organic matters, relatively salty, and with medium risk from SAR and Cl and also with the low risk from N and P point of view. E.Microtica with 99% decline was the most successful tree and E.Camaldulensis with 97%, Acacia with 97%, Robiniy with 95%, Fresinos with 94% decline were the other successful trees which had more than 90% decline. The concentration of Boron in the leaf of different
The Ghenou Mountains is an interesting part of Zagros System in its Southeastern Portion. As upland to hot dry plains of Southern Iran and as an ecotonal landscapes in between two different biogeographic districts it has important ecological function and supplies important environmental services، typical of mountains landscapes in such locations. Nevertheless management of this valuable protected area remains inefficient and traditional without sound scientific principles. A regressive tendency is dominant and increasingly demands a rational rehabilitation and management plan. This necessity was the basic problem for preparation of this paper. It includes: 1- Collection of field information 2- Capability evaluation, and 3- A zoning for managerial objectives Although Ghenou has less significance in terms of wildlife but in terms of its vegetations
Increasing development and accelerating destruction of nature has promoted the need for conservation of some natural places for the future. Establishment of National Park and protected area is a response to this need. Correct selection, zoning and preparation of management plan as a policy or document of control has an important role for the existence of this area. In fact these tools are requisites of efficient management. This study follow two aims: 1- Ecological and socio-economic capability evaluation of “Khabr National Park”area 2- Zoning of “Khabr National Park” according to its need for protection and planning for efficient management of this national park. Adopting a system analysis approach environmental resources of Kh.N.P were surveyed, analysed integrated and mapped with the aid of GIS, then environmental capability of the area was evaluated for zoning purposes.
Camparing to the traditional view about environment Protection that is based on corrective approach and end of pip (EoP) treatment , modern view is based on Pollution prevention (PP) approach in continum of changing and reducing raw material , continious improvement of process , reengineering of production , recycling and reusing . PP approach is evolutionary result of total quality management (TQM) that according with , Social benefits of industrial activities are depended on two fundamental factors: cost – effectiveness and maximum efficiency (productivity). These factors help that sustainable industrial development with objective of integration of industrial growth and environmental quality by means of appreciate selection of raw material , reducing consumption of resources , continious improvement of production process . reducing defects , enhancement of a industry in improvement of production process and protection of quality of environment is possible .Future of organizations in new trend of
Supply chain activities have major impacts on the environment. Consuming natural resources leads to environmental pressures, simultaneously, releases of various pollutants have exerted serious environmental defects. Therefore, a set of rules, laws and standards is developed for supply chains in local, national and international levels in order to protect the environment. These environmental legislations have created new challenges for management of supply chains. A part of this broad subject is potential application of operational research techniques in effective environmental decision-making. The present paper reveals different applications of operational research in environmental management. Some examples of macro and micro environmental problems are mentioned in which operational research methods could be employed. Waste management, recycling management and prevention management are examples of micro environmental problems and in the macro level, local, regional and
Land use planning is an important tool in adequate spatial distribution of land among various activities and functions at local, regional and national planning. Recent developments in information technology such as GIS and PPS (planning support system) has significantly improved the analytical abilities of land use planners in developing land use plan based on more accurate and detailed data as well as use of more sophisticated techniques. What if? Is a PPS developed especially for land use planning? What if? uses GIS technology and land use planning models to help planners create land suitability reports, land demand analysis, land allocation, and land use protection based on pre selected assumptions and scenarios.
Pure plantations reduce soil fertility so sustainable production can't be accessible. Because poplar plantations can be means for reducing harvest from forest so it is essential to have special plans for them before developing there plantations. In these study nutrients of live and senescent leaves of plantations of Populus deltoides Marsh. and Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey. have studied in pure and mixed plantations in a completely randomized block near Chamestan in north of Iran. Nitrogen content of live and senescent leaves of A. subcordata was greater than P. deltoides but Ca was greater in live and senescent leaves of P. deltoids and Mg was greater in senescent leaves of P. deltoides and P and K don't show any significant differences. Live and senescent leaves of P. deltoides in mixed treatments with A. subcordata showed more N than pure ones. There haven't seen any important differences about other nutrients. Finally we can conclude that mixing A. subcordata in plantations of P. deltoides in this location and with these conditions is profitable.
The southern coast of the Caspian sea is an increasingly urgent problem, because of pesticide applications is increasing. This research is based on management of pesticide that is a component of integrated pest management (IPM), which seeks to minimize pesticide use through application of alternative tactics. The response of Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) to different percent of mineral oil and determination of LC90 & LC50 using bio – assay technique was tested. The treatment applied in three different techniques including: submerging fruit in the treatment, using spray tower and backpack (bp) sprayer. Probit analysis has been done using P/PROBAN computer programme. Laboratory evaluation of mineral oil indicated that in very low concentration of mineral oil the mortality were very high, using submerging technique. The LC90 & LC50 were calculated 0.37 & 0.74 %, respectively, using (bp) sprayer .
This paper endeavors to investigate in detail the different types of plant species compatible with the moderate Hircanian climate (the southern margin of the Caspian Sea) and then classifying them in an applicable way to be used in designing urban landscapes. Each species was carefully studied from reliable sources and then analyzed. The endemic and nonendemic species studied have been categorized into specific groups according to their applicable characteristics such as resistance to different urban conditions, pollutions and aesthetic criteria. These categories are free of the botanical classification, being organized merely according to their application and features in designing urban landscapes.
Concerning relatively high potential for application of MSW compost in Iran mainly aimed to improve the soil conditions, a study was conducted in form of a literature survey focusing on MSW compost quality. The main concern being studied was the presence of two major groups of contaminants including heavy metals and pathogens. Accordingly an extensive set of data concerning the quality of MSW compost in Europe and North America was collected through available literature and compared to that of Iran. The data was compared in terms of agricultural value and risks associated with the contaminants of interest. It was found that two heavy metals namely Cd and Cr were in high risk. For Cd, estimated daily absorption may amount to 23% of acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 40% for Cr. These were extreme values estimated from the most contaminated composts which were uncommon. It was found that composts persist in the soil for several years and the repeated applications may lead to an accumulation of pollutants. The risk associated with inhalation of microorganisms is also considerable.