ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
From its early settlement, man has tried to improve the quality of living in his environment. These efforts range from imaginative and utopian ideas of Ideal Cities throughout history by philosophers, scientists and artists, to recent pragmatic and functional measures by various professionals (eg.: physicians, environmentalists, planners, etc.).
Industrial Revolution, however, created a context which made these measures most crucial for the contemporary cities. One of the initiatives which has gained momentum lately, is the "Healthy Cities project. The concept implies that the city is a place which shapes human possibility and experience has a crucial role to play in determining the health of those living in it. Yet each city is unique and has a life of its own, a soul, a sPirit, even a personality. A city has to be both understood as a _omplete entity and shaped as a place for living. Based on considerable success of the project in Europe and elsewhere, this paper urges local decisionmakers in Iran to apply the concept of Healthy Cities in their communities as an effective and comprehensive tool to promote the health and well ¬being of the residents, and eventually create a sustainable quality environment.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14525_f00fc6b6bdea2edbd07c4957087b173a.pdf
1995-12-22
City Planning
Healthy Cities
Healthy Cities Project
Ideal Cities
دکتر سید حسین
بحرینی
37614372
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Water management is a very important tool for
development; specially in agriculture. In the arid and semi - arid climates, the quantity and quality of water take a crucial significaTlt place in each project. One of the methods of water resources development is artificial recharge of ground water that can be stored in a quifers which is far from the high quantity of evaporation.
In Jahrom, situated at south - west of Iran, with less than 300 millimeters of annual precipitation, planting of lemon trees is developed strongly in the last years. In the absence of continuous surface water,
the ground water has a critical role in agriculture. Actually, the mean of annual drawdown is 2 meters and the wells> have more than 100 meters depth that neering to 250 meters.
Here, the different methods of artificial recharge are discussed with regard to watershed management. Finally, a combination of methods that can be applied in this area is presented.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14526_4679dfe4f415fd6bd788b213c7735f6d.pdf
1995-12-22
Artificial recharge
water resources
Watershed management
دکتر محمد
مهدوی
36775292
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Corrosion of distribution piping and horne plumbing has been estirnated to cost the public water supply industry more than US $ 700 million per year. Two toxic metals that occur in tap water almost entirely because of corrosion are lead and cadmium.
Three other metals (Cu, Fe and Zn), usually present because of corrosion, cause staining of fixtures,
n1etallic taste or both. The toxic metals lead and cadmium can cause serious health problems 'when prese nt in quantities above the levels set by the National Interim Printary Drinking Water Regulation (NIPDWR). In order to minin1ize the adverse effects of corrosion, it might be suggested that corroison should be ccntrol1ed by deposition of a Ca CO3 films
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14527_971f7a188bf200d8e4de58b5b4af1d82.pdf
1995-12-22
Corrosion
Toxic metals
Water distribution System
Water quality
دکتر عبدالرضا
کرباسی
53959723
1
AUTHOR
دکتر غلامرضا نبی بید
هندی
63892986
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Uromia Lake in Azarbayjan (Iran) is the 20th larg,_st lake in the world. The extraction of chemicals specially Potassium and Magnesium compounds from this lake, is of great interest. In this study totally 182 samples have been taken by standard methods from various depth and parts of the lake, periodically in
spring (92 samples) and fall (90 samples) and 13 physico - chemical properties of each sample were
measured and the statistical analysis of results have been carried out.
In spring, concentration of lake water was
heterogenous and varied in north, south west, central and south east zones. This difference in concentration can be seen at bottom of the lake too.
In fall, concentration of lake water at surface and bottom is of homogenous and this causes a great mass transfer of the mentioned zones, which in return
can cause different side processes. The results
obtained in this paper can be used in determination of suitable zone and depth for extraction of compounds.
In this research the amount of constant K for relation of conductivity (s cnrl) to TDS (ppm) for lake water in two seasons, spring and fall, were calculated 1. 17 and 1.32 respectively
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14528_91927b1cf2e88da491502a2cc95b7577.pdf
1995-12-22
K constant for U romia Lake
Mass Transfer in U romia Lake
Salts in Uromia Lake
Uromia Lake
دکتر نظام الدین
دانشور
92332865
1
AUTHOR
دکتر حبیب اشعثی
سرخابی
45295338
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
The sample from water of U romia lake as a
source of Magnesium and Potassium was selected. After fractional crystallisation, the quality of residue solutions and solid crystals resulted from different treatments have been studied. According to this study,
after three times fractional Crystallisation on primary
sample and by taking different samples during the experiment and evaporation of residue water from final liquid solution, a mixture of salt with considerable amount of Magnesium and Potassium were produced. For commercial and industrial uses these products proved to be valuable.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14529_ac2bda1f3bac91568066ad7b186ce578.pdf
1995-12-22
Fractional Crystallisation
Fractional Crystallisation of Uromia
K Salts
lake water
Magnesium in U romia Lake Water
Potassium in U romia Lake Water
Producing Mg
U romia Lake
دکتر نظام الدین
دانشور
92332865
1
AUTHOR
دکتر نقی
سعادتجو
16567172
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Nowadays, the development of urban areas should be regarded with much consideration to the environmental incidents. Wastewater pollution is perhaps the most important problem of our civil environments. For Hamadan City the difficulties arise from deficiencies of sewage system and related problems, pollution spreading to surface and underground waters and the low temperature of weather. In this research, the chardcreristics of Hamadan municipal wastewater was studied, with special regard determining sewage temperature in order to correlate this parameter to ambient temperature.
The number of required samples was determined after pretesting the wastewater and analyses were performed as soon as the samples delivered to the laboratory. Sampling was accomplished in composite basis. According to the results of experiment the correlation between the wastewater and ambient temperatures was linear for both cold and hot seasons. R values were determined to be 0.075 and 0.053 for winter and summer respectively. The municipal wastewater of Hamadan is considered to be a medium type.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14530_29121838d2c2011025bd299e8fbfa7dc.pdf
1995-12-22
Municipal Wastewater
Sewerage System
دکتر علیرضا مصداقی
نیا
59626896
1
AUTHOR
مهندس مهدی ریاحی
خرم
67459193
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Despite Substantial Progress in knowledge and application in regard to food safety, contaminated food and water remain a major public health problem. Mycotoxins, the toxic products of microscopic fungi, may also cause serious adverse health effects in human and animals. According to W. H. O. publication 1992, animal studies show that, besides acute intoxication, mycotoxins, specially aflatoxins, may have carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teraogenic effects. Certain studies suggest aflatoxins and hepatitis B virus are co - carcinogens and that the probability of liver cancer is higher in areas where both are prevalent. In order to have a true picture of production and consmllption of bread and the rate of damages and usage in Tehran, a survey conducted from Oct. 1990 to Oct. 1991.
This survey showed that 2500000 Kg of flour was distributed among 4500 bakeries. Due to inferior quality of the flour, unfavourable of ingerdients,
formulation., processing equipment, duration of baking, storage, and finally attitudes of the Tehranian people, about 507000 Kg misuseds bread per day which collected by 6300 wheelbarrows in an improper, ugly and unacceptable way and reuse for feeding animals and birds. specially cattles and domestic fowls or poultry. In order to detect and identify any presumptive fungal organism contamination or the losses and stales bread, 360 samples \-vere collected randomly from the wheelbarrows, storage centres, cattles and poultry breeding places and inoculated to Sabouraud' s dextrose agar chloramphenicol and other selection culture media and then differential tests, species identifcation done according to the laboratory di_gnosis of fungal organisms and comparing with control.
The results showed that all samples of wastebreads, contaminated at least to one fungal orgamsm.
The occurrence and abundance were pennicillium 35.7, Aspergillus 26.7, Rhizopous 16.38, Mucor 11.38, Mixed fungal contamination 4.44, Aspergillust Mucor 2, Pennicillium + Mucor 2 and Fusarium 1.4 percent.
.
According to the results obtained from this survey and W. H. O. guideline, the collection and usage of misuseds bread in this manner is recommended to stop.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14531_067d4fb706f20756c9487c763040a15b.pdf
1995-12-22
Damages
Health Aspects
losses
Misuseds
Mycotoxins
Recover
Recycle
Retrieval
Reuse
TEHRAN
WasteStalebreads
دکتر کرامت الله
ایماندل
27729443
1
AUTHOR
مهندس اکبر محمد نژاد
اقدم
32245625
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
The main objective of this paper is to analyse the persent status of hospital waste management in Tehran and subsequently to draw up a policy regarding generation, collection, onsite handling, storage, proces sing, recycliong, transportation, and safe disposal of health care wastes in Tehran. Through field investigation of 133 hospitals, all steps of waste management inside and outside hospitals, are surveyed. The correlation among various effective factors related to the waste management, such as number of hospital beds, people involved in waste disposal, hospital personnel, technical sectors and volume and weight of wastes in each hospital are obtained. Finally, the present statutory and administrative regulations governing hospital waste in Iran are discussed.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14532_4134e82dc11880d2090caff893f51eaa.pdf
1995-12-22
collection
Disposal
Generation
Hospital Waste
management
recycling
storage
transportation
محمدعلی
عبدلی
mabdoli@ut.ac.ir
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Solid wastes in hospitals contain a lot of infectious materials and are the source of many different pollutions. For this reason they are usually burned in the hospitals's incinerators. These incinerators should be designed by considering the quantity and quality of solid wastes and their particular contents. The incinerator should be used in such a way that the content of the emission from their chimney not exceed the local standards of pollution level. In the hospital's sanitary program consideration should be given to the following important points:
- Hiring of knowledgeable and devoted personnel
for running the incinerator.
-. Controlling the engineering aspects of incinerator
and supervisiny it carefully and continously its work.
-. Preparation and utilization of the necessary devices for filtration of gases emitted from the incinerator.
Noawadays there are a lot of incinerators which have left unused and as a scrap in some cotainer of the
hospitals. The main reason for this situation is the lack of carefully organized running program and some particular technical difficulties. Therefore in this
article attention has been given to the maintenance and repair problems with the lack of effective management. There are few technical devices, which can be easily installed in the way of emission on chimney. These devices have been introduced and their
effectiveness on control of gases and particulates of
emission have been mentioned. The filteration quality of the devices is varied between 85 to 95 percent, according to their design technology. By trying practically some of these devices one can select the best of them for specific Iranian Solid Wastes. Considering the quantity of emitted gases from
chimney and comparing it with the special standard of incinerators, it has been mentioned that the filteration of particulates in the range of 99 to 99.5 percent and of HCl up to 95 percent is acceptable. These can be achieved by utilizing the above mentioned filteration devices.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14533_016a0cab5a2e5512ed2022f8f28f200a.pdf
1995-12-22
Air pollution
Hospital solid waste
Inceneration
دکتر قاسمعلی
عمرانی
82737669
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
- اهمیت توقف روند تخریب در سطح طبیعت از این جهت مهم است که کشور ایران از نظر مجموع فاکتورهای اکولوژیک در ردیف مناطق خشک جهان قرار دارد واز این نظر پوشش زنده خاک به عنوان عمده ترین عامل تعیین کننده بقاء و پایداری منابع زنده با محدودیت ها و تنگناهای رویشی فراوانی روبرو است
- پدیده های فاجع آمیز نظیر سیل خشکسالی در همه کشورهایی که از نظر شرایط طبیعی در وضع نامساعدی قرار دارند پدیده غیر طبیعی نیست و مستقیما به مسائل اکولوژیک این گونه مناطق مرتبط است.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14534_d6d2ca721daf95a2fb48edffc0079c7d.pdf
1995-12-22
Biological diversity
Conservation
Degrdation
Fragmentation
isolation
protected areas
zoning
مهندس هنریک
مجنونیان
38467398
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
In the past decade, an environmental impact assessment program has become firmly entrenched in China. Although presentty limited primarily to large and r1edium - sized Construction Projects, a legal basis exists for applying EIA procedures to a wide range of proposals. An EIA administrative process has evolved, but it is not statutorily mandated. The EIA
proce ss does not include formal provisions for citizen notification or involvement.
Four stages are usually included in an EIA investigation: design of the investigation, evaluation of background envirnmental quality, perdication of environmental impacts.
The techniques employed in EIA investigations
are rudimentary but have become increasingly sophisticated. The environmental impact staten1ent, compiled by an investigative group, provides the basis
for an examination by Environmental Protection Departlnent to determine if proposed environn1ental protection measures are adequate and if approval should be granted for the project design to commence.
Views concerning the effectiveness of China IS EIA program differ, but there is agreement that it
should be continued and improved. A major avenue for improvement is to place the evaluation of particular projects in a regional context.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14535_31b2ecc4624b3a4f460476e8909a0b1f.pdf
1995-12-22
Effectiveness of EIA
EIA Methods
EIA Process
Environmental Impact Statement
محمود
خالصی
87636227
1
AUTHOR
حمیدرضا
پارسی
55952856
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
-
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14536_3f0ff4d0ef67f50b8f576550170444c4.pdf
1995-12-22
دکتر مجید
مخدوم
61328129
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
-
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14537_343108d1ef02a52326873509befcdfd3.pdf
1995-12-22
کارول
بلامی
24758719
1
AUTHOR
ویکتور یا
جمالی
54218793
2
LEAD_AUTHOR