ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Interactive Effects of Crude Oil and N forms on C Mineralization and Microbial Biomass of a Clay Soil
Toxicity and damages caused by soil pollution with crude oil and its microbial responses may depend on nitrogen bioavailability and its form. So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of crude oil and various forms of N consumption on C mineralization and microbial biomass. The experiment was done in the form of factorial (3×4) design using CRD (completely randomized design) in 3 replicates under laboratorial condition during 126 days. To this intention, clayey soil samples were first contaminated with crude oil levels of 5% and 10% and then, to reduce the toxic effects of crude oil on soil microbial activities, nitrogen salts of KNO3, NH4Cl, and the mixture of them were added. Soil samples were placed at 25±1°C in incubator. C mineralization and microbial biomass were measured at specific intervals. The results indicated that total C mineralization rate was not affected by N application to clayey soil (P>0.05). But the limitation of C caused the microbial activity and consequently total C mineralization to be increased with the addition of crude oil levels. The addition of crude oil and nitrogen simultaneously, did not affect microbial respiration rate, too (P>0.05). All the N treatment and high level of pollutant (crude oil 10%) caused the enhancement of soil microbial biomass C. But in crude oil 5%, an increase of microbial biomass C was shown in the control and NO3 treatments, while this parameter decreased in NH4 and NH4+NO3 treatments. In conclusion, crude oil stimulates microbial activity and biomass by reason of containing C and the other nutrients and also biodegradability of some of its compounds and derivatives. Its toxic elements and compounds have inhibitory effects on microbial communities. However, N addition to crude oil contaminated soils may cause the reduction of harmful effects of toxic hydrocarbon compounds.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29144_ff5ca42e225420550f6772cef7b865f0.pdf
2012-11-21
1
16
10.22059/jes.2012.29144
carbon mineralization
Crude Oil
Microbial biomass carbon
nitrogen forms
soil pollution
Samaee
Namazi
sama_namazi@yahoo.com
1
کارشناس ارشد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
AUTHOR
Faez
Raeesi
f_raiesi@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
AUTHOR
Shojae
Ghorbani
ghorbanish@gmail.com
3
استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnetic Susceptibility and its Relationship with the Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals and Soil Properties in Surface Soils of the Isfahan Region
In order to investigate the soil magnetic susceptibility and its relationship with the concentration of selected heavy metals and soil properties, a total of 158 composite surface soil samples (0-5 cm) were taken from an area of about 700 km2. Locations of the sampling sites were determined using a GPS and their land uses were recorded. The in situ magnetic susceptibility for the topsoil samples was measured by Bartington MS2F sensor in the field. Magnetic susceptibility (?lf) was also measured at low frequency (0.46 kHz) using a Bartington MS2 dual frequency sensor. Besides, the concentration of total copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) was measured in all the soil samples. Selected soil properties including pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, calcium carbonate equivalent and gypsum were also determined to understand the relationships between magnetic susceptibility and soil properties. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Fe are positively correlated with magnetic properties which could be attributed to an input from traffic emissions and industrial activities. A significant negative correlation was found between ?lf and gypsum and electrical conductivity. This could be due to the fact that any increase in soluble salts and gypsum in soil causes the dilution effect for magnetic minerals. Moreover, the results of multiple regression analysis between ?lf with heavy metal concentrations and soil properties indicated that LnPb, LnZn, LnFe and Cr and percentage of sand, gypsum and SOM could explain approximately 76% of the total variability of ?lf in the study area. The results of the in situ magnetic susceptibility showed that 71% of the total variability of MS2F could be explained by LnPb, LnMn and percentage of sand, gravel, gypsum and SOM in the study area.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29145_da52d5442b6896b7d4694769fe1358b8.pdf
2012-11-21
17
26
10.22059/jes.2012.29145
Diamagnetic
Heavy metal
magnetic susceptibility
soil pollution
Zahra
Dankoub
z.dankoub@ag.iut.ac.ir
1
کارشناسی ارشد، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
AUTHOR
Hosein
Khademi
hkhademi2@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
AUTHOR
Shamsolah
Ayoubi
ayoubi2@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of Heavy Metals Contamination at Bushehr Mangroves
Mangrove trees occur along the coastal areas of Bushehr province, south Iran and these plants have been used in traditional medicine and fodder for centuries. Heavy metals are known to pose a potential threat to terrestrial and aquatic biota. However, little is known on the levels of heavy metals found in mangrove in Iran. To understand levels of heavy metals and identified heavy metal source, we used mathematical methods. Principal components analysis (PCA) is a multivariate statistical technique capable of discerning patterns in large environmental datasets. Typically, PCA has been used to examine the spatial variability of contaminants. However, it has also been used to discriminate between contaminant sources and to identify key variables for environmental monitoring purposes. Surface mangrove sediments (0–10 cm) collected from three mangrove sites in Bushehr, northern Persian Gulf were sampled for metal contamination analysis in April 2009. The concentrations ranged (in µg g-1 dry weight): Al, 1795-30240; Fe,6425-51530; Cd, 0.6-3.45; Cu, 14.1-98.28; Ni, 14.1-204.54; Pb, 34.15-191.6; V, 57.38-825.26 and Zn, 44.91–306.15; respectively. Reducing the in?uence of grain size using granulometric normalisation mean that other factors affecting metal variability, including mineralogy, anthropogenic sources and oil pollution, could be identi?ed and interpreted more clearly.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29146_a69c7172d78a4d37e6020b5ad4fbd1d0.pdf
2012-11-21
27
36
10.22059/jes.2012.29146
Bushehr Province
Mangrove forest
Normalisation
PCA
Sediment
Ali
Davari
adavarei@gmail.com
1
کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Afshin
Danehkar
93568525
2
دانشیار محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Nematolah
Khorasani
khorasani@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Arash
Javanshir
arashjavanshir2@hotmail.com
4
استادیار شیلات، گروه شیلات دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Investigation of Mercury Bioaccumulation and its Relation with Selenium in the Muscle and Liver Tissues of Milk Shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus)
Mercury and selenium concentrations were analyzed in the muscle and liver of milk shark (a dominant shark species in the Persian Gulf) from the coast of Bandar Abbas. A research project was designed to compare the level of accumulation Hg and its interaction with Se in milk shark. Hg concentration for each sample was determined by an Advanced Mercury Analyzer (LECO, AMA 254) and Se was assayed using a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer 3030).The average ±S.D. of Hg and Se in the muscle and liver tissues were (0.06±0.02, 0.09±0.02 µg/g wet wt) and (0.53±0.16, 0.31±0.05 µg/g wet wt) respectively. A positive correlation between mercury concentration in the muscle and liver tissues with weight and length variables were statistically significant (p
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29147_32564cf4dfa8e8b73fcebf72d4b0ce1a.pdf
2012-11-21
37
46
10.22059/jes.2012.29147
Mercury
Milk shark
Persian Gulf
Selenium
Ahmad
Tarassoli
atarassoli@gmail.com
1
کارشناس ارشد محیط زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Abbas
Esmaili Sari
esmaili@modares.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه محیط زیست دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Toraj
Vali nassab
t_valinassab@yahoo.com
3
دانشیار مؤسسة تحقیقات شیلات ایران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination and Dispersion Modeling of VOC Emissions from
Liquid Storage Tanks in Asalouyeh Zone
Air pollution is one of the most challengeable problems in the Asalouyeh zone. In order to reduce the air pollutants emission and their effects it is necessary to recognize the amount and spatial dispersion of air pollutants. Hence in this paper, evaporative losses of the stored liquids from 16 tanks of an oil company in Asalouyeh zone, are determined using TANKS 4.0.9d and then dispersion of VOCs emission from storage tanks are simulated by AERMOD model and over an area with dimension of with resolution of 150 m and in 5 vertical layers including ground surface, 2 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m layers. Model is run for 12 months meteorological data (year 2009) and simulation was done for 1 hr, 3 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, 1 month, and 12 months averaging concentration. As results liquid storage tanks of related company emit 233336987 gr (~ 233 Ton) VOCs pollutants to atmosphere per year. Maximum concentrations occur in 20 m height. Spatial dispersion of VOCs pollutants shows that at first half of year 2009 north westerly wind (315 degree) was more effective but at second half of year 2009 south easterly wind (135 degree) was prominent.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29148_ee55297e185e9880a1c134e3857436e0.pdf
2012-11-21
47
60
10.22059/jes.2012.29148
Air pollution
modeling
Pollutants dispersion
Storage tanks
Volatile Organic Compounds
Khosro
Ashrafi
khashrafi@ut.ac.ir
1
استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Majid
Shafiepour
shafiepour2@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Salimian
msalimian@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Reza
Momeni
mrmomeni@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Arsenic Anomalies in Water Resources of
Sahand Dam
Sahand Dam with 135 Mm3 storage located in southwest of Hashtroud city is one of the important dams of East Azarbijan. Water storage of this dam supply drinking, industrial water demand of Hashtroud city. Furthermore, it used for irrigation of 11 hectares of the sector land. According to importance of this water resource, quality of dam reservoir water and related surface water and ground water resources were monitored in recent eight years (1388-1381). The results of analyzed 308 water samples from study area, which include physical parameter (EC, pH, COD, BOD)major(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, , , , ), minor (PO4-3, NO3-, NH4-)and trace (Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As)ions show arsenic anomalies in the sector. However, arsenic concentration of some of the water resources which related to Dam storage is tenfold of WHO standard(10ppb). The aim of this research is the investigation of hydro chemical anomalies in stored water of Sahand Dam and related surface and ground water resources and determination of their origin. Therefore, graphical methods and factor analysis were used as well as field evidences and geological studies and the results indicate 3 water types and 5 origin for water resources and 5 main effective factors on hydrochemistry of the area. Epithermal concentration of arsenic in the Miocene formations can be the main origin of arsenic anomalies in the water resources that based on obtained hydrochemical results, separation and releasing from its origins in the water resources generally occur via complex formation with bicarbonate ion.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29149_eabfd63b000e68183dfd617e6f7de58b.pdf
2012-11-21
61
74
10.22059/jes.2012.29149
Arsenic anomalies
factor analysis
Graphical method
Sahand Dam and Surface and ground water
Ataolah
Nadiri
nadiri2@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکترای هیدروژئولوژی، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
Asghar
Asghari Moghaddam
moghaddam@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
استاد دانشکده علوم طبیعی، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
Fariba
Sadeghi
f.merko2@gmail.com
3
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
Hosein
Aghaee
h.aghaee634@gmail.com
4
کارشناس ارشد آب زیرزمینی، گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Operating Conditions on Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate, Nitrate and COD from Laundry Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes
Nowadays use of detergents and cleaners becomes one of the essential of human life's. Since these materials enter to the sewage systems, due to the existing poly phosphate, reacts with water and gradually becomes into phosphate ions and cause too many environmental problems that always have considered environmentalists. This study examined three factors was investigated in the removal of phosphate, nitrate and COD by electro coagulation process and aluminum electrodes. Electro coagulation process is a electrolysis reaction, needed the electrical adequate potential between two or several electrodes for the electrodes interface and solution with a DC power supply. In this process removal operation of pollutants (flocks metal hydroxide), with the applying the electrical current to the buoyant electrodes products in the purification sample. The results of the present study showed that pH, distance between the electrodes and current density are the three effective parameters in the removal of factors. Also The optimum operating conditions, in pH=7, distance between the electrodes was 10mm and current density was 12 mA/cm2. Also phosphate, nitrate and COD removal efficiency in optimum conditions were 99.93%, 67.85% and 70.83%, respectively. The XRF and XRD experience in this study, the corrosion of the electrode and the presence that in the sludge as metal oxide was A2O3.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29150_1aa642027ce4bbe0709a9a9e4a2c31d2.pdf
2012-11-21
75
84
10.22059/jes.2012.29150
COD
Electro coagulation
Nitrate
Phosphate
Wastewater treatment
Marzieh
Razavi
marzie.razavi@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی ارشد مهندسی عمران محیط زیست، دانشکدة مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Saeedi
saeedi@iust.ac.ir
2
دانشیار گروه آب و محیط زیست دانشکدة مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Jabbari
jabbari@iust.ac.ir
3
دانشیار گروه آب و محیط زیست دانشکدة مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in the Evaluation of Ekbatan Wastewater Treatment Plant
In this study artificial neural network (ANN) was used for modeling of wastewater treatment plants with using. For this purpose, the base of the quality parameters measured at the plant input, plant output value was predicted. Neural network input data, including temperature (T), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS) and pH. Different structures of ANN with different number of neurons in middle layer, the structure of 6-12-6 with normal values of squared mean square error of 0.26 and the coefficient 0.82 as desired structure can be is proposed. This structure, predicting 72 to 97 percent of the effluent quality parameters, the changes in independent variables has been successful. With the removal of pollutants in the effluent treatment plant, was identified maximum removal efficiency in the plant, the pollutants TSS, equivalent to 97 percent and the lowest, compared to 32 percent, TS, respectively. Similarly, removal of these pollutants, the estimated values of the neural network, which is due to the 97 and 30 percent, with values close to observations, although the neural network performance is good . Overall, the comparison of results predicted in this study with other studies and the statistical indicators, the good performance of neural networks, in this study, to be sure. Also, treatment plants in the reduction of qualitative values in based of the values of the standard recommended by the environmental protection agency, the efficiency is high.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29151_9b12f3759cf056f4e58a021917319ff9.pdf
2012-11-21
85
98
10.22059/jes.2012.29151
Artificial Neural Network
Ekbatan treatment plant
Pollutants
Removal Efficiency
Hamid
Zare Abyaneh
zareabyaneh@gmail.com
1
دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
AUTHOR
Maryam
Bayat Varkeshi
m.bayat.v@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی دکترای آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
AUTHOR
Jaber
Bayat Varkeshi
bayat_jaber@yahoo.com
3
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Site Selection of Artificial Groundwater Recharge Using Integrated Method of AHP and FTOPSIS
The success of artificial recharge schemes requires the identification of suitable site. The use of fuzzy set theory in site selection projects allows the decision-makers to incorporate unquantifiable information into decision model. In this paper, site selection of artificial groundwater recharges using an integrated method of Fuzzy TOPSIS and AHP has been done in raster environment of GIS. The FTOPSIS is one of the MCDM methods that by using fuzzy logic in the TOPSIS method have been developed. By selecting Shemil Ashkara plain as a case study, factors such as: slope, electrical conductivity, potential of run-off, geology, land use and depth of groundwater table are considered to determine the areas most suitable for artificial groundwater recharge. For validating the proposed method, the zoning of artificial recharge was done by using AHP method. The results indicate that using of multiple criteria decision making techniques for structuring decision problems, designing, evaluating, and prioritizing alternative decisions and GIS to analyze many types of geographic data and information and fuzzy logic to utilize linguistic terms in judgments prepare a powerful tool for site selection of artificial groundwater.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29152_b4dff4b6357042320679371c997f2885.pdf
2012-11-21
99
108
10.22059/jes.2012.29152
AHP
Artificial recharge
FTOPSIS
GIS
Site Selection
Majid
Ramezani Mehrian
majidmehrian3@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکترای برنامهریزی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Bahram
Malekmohammadi
malekb2@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار برنامهریزی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Yousef
Rariee
yusefrafii2@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشجوی دکترای برنامهریزی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Implementation of Agricultural Ecological Capability Model Using Integrated Approach of PROMETHEE II and Fuzzy-AHP in GIS Environment (Case Study: Marvdasht county)
Necessity of consideration future and delineating the characteristics of future development, leads trends to the fields of planning, rational utilization of resources and potential of areas. Assessment of ecological capability, as the core of environmental studies at the prevention of possible crisis, provides an appropriate context for environmental planning. The ability of GIS in managing and delivering new outputs as an efficient instrument in environmental planning is discussed. Therefore, in this study, regarding to some factors such as vegetation type, elevation, slope, texture of soil, climate, vegetation density, Soil drainage, and erosion, we have tried to determine the agricultural ecological capability of Marvdasht County using Fuzzy-AHP and PROMETHEE II, in an integrated–innovative approach, with GIS. PROMETHEE II was used to determine the complete ranking of the alternatives, while Fuzzy-AHP was employed to weighting of criteria. The results showed that the study area contains seven classes of Iran's agricultural and rangeland model. Also the results of sensitivity analysis indicated acceptable effectiveness of the proposed method in ecological capability assessment. The proposed technique can be as a main step in using PROMETHEE II in other raster-based site selection projects in the GIS environment.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29153_6150ca2e6c20ed1a41a357d331f7c6cb.pdf
2012-11-21
109
122
10.22059/jes.2012.29153
Ecological Capability Assessment
Fuzzy- AHP
land use planning
Marvdasht
PROMETHEE II
Hosein
Nasiri
nsirih@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Sayed Kazem
Alavipanah
salavipa3@ut.ac.ir
2
استاد گروه کارتوگرافی دانشکدة جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Matinfar
matinfar44@yahoo.com
3
استادیار علوم خاک شناسی دانشگاه لرستان
AUTHOR
Ali
Azizi
aliazizi892@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hamzeh
hamzeh.mohamad@ut.ac.ir
5
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد RS & GIS دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Statistic and Synoptic Analysis of Dust Phenomena in West of Iran
Dust storm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions. Iran and particularly its west and south-west parts, periodically faces with the dust phenomenon and its problems. In this investigation two dust samples has been selected and studied that they has sustained over three days with visibility less than 1000m in west of Iran. The first one occurred during 18 - 21 April 2008 and the second one occurred in 4 -11 Jun 2008. For this study were used combined statistics, synoptic and remote sensing analysis methods. Daily dust storm data in period of (2008-1979), from 61 selected stations in western half of Iran was obtained. After primary investigation, 20 stations were selected and compared. Also temperature, moisture, precipitation and dew point data to check the status of surface stations were analyzed. Also upper atmosphere radio sound data was collected for western half stations. Software such as RAOB was used for plotted Skew-T diagrams and GrADS were used for prepared weather charts that were received from NCEP-NCAR with net CDF format. By MODIS satellite images and using ENVI4.5 via NDDI equation was extracted dust phenomena over study area. Results show that in the past, daily dust storm frequency in the selected stations that have been located in the path of dust was more than today. Annual Surveying of data shows the dust phenomenon in all of the stations have two peaks times; the first was during the period of 1982-1990 and another was from 2000- 2008. The difference between them is in the intensity, persistence and the number of days with dust. Comparing of satellite images over different time periods show that the number of dust sources has increased in recent decades, that they are Include: East of Syria and West and North-West Iraq.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29154_ad48d34cd34fa535645e7fcf7fa94d22.pdf
2012-11-21
123
134
10.22059/jes.2012.29154
Natural hazards
storms. Brightness temperature
synoptic conditions
the West of Iran
Ghasem
Azizi
ghazizi@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Aliakbar
Shamsipour
shamsipr2@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Morteza
Miri
mmiri@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقلیم شناسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Taher
Safarrad
tsafarrad2@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشجوی دکترای اقلیم شناسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Substitution of Degraded Natural forests with Plantations on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Fertility in North of Iran
Land-use change has strong effects on ecosystem properties, especially on soil carbon storage and it increased global atmospheric CO2. Degradation and loss of area and quality of Hyrcanian forests are the biggest problems in these forests. One of the most important solutions to taking care of these problems is increasing plantations in these areas. Therefore, investigation of the effects of different species plantations on soil carbon sequestration is very important. So this study investigates the effect of A. velutinum and A. subcordata plantations after 18 years, on soil carbon sequestration and fertility in a region that previously was a degraded natural forest stand. In Chamestan region, two plantation stands and one natural stand were selected and 10 plots (25 m2) were established for soil sampling in each of them, then we took the combined soil samples in three depths (
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29155_e7f9edfc3af2457e101173a1eee31351.pdf
2012-11-21
135
146
10.22059/jes.2012.29155
climate change
Hyrcanian forests
plantation
Soil carbon sequestration
Soil fertility
Nilofar
Haghdoust
haghdoost.nilou2@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکترای جنگلداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Moslem
Akbarinia
akbarim2@modares.ac.ir
2
دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Sayed Mohsen
Hoseini
hosseini@modares.ac.ir
3
دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Saeed
Varamesh
varameshs@yahoo.com
4
دکترای جنگلداری، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Spatial Distribution of Urban Parks and Site Selections of New Parks Using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchic Process (Case Study: Babolsar)
Urban parks have essential role in public welfare. Their role could be observed in personal, socio-economic, environmental and mental wellbeing. Provision of socio-mental needs of citizens and enhancement of social cohesion are contributed to the way of using urban open and green spaces which such issue requires elaborated planning and design. Equal access to parks is an important issue in distribution of parks. This is an essential aspect in the system of leisure for all people as they want to have better access to parks. It is quite clear that an appropriate distribution of urban parks lead to more justice among all different social groups. By accepting that green space is the breathing lungs of a city, then this subject could be fully justified in urban planning. Regarding to this requirement, the aim of present paper is to investigate and the spatial distribution and site selection of urban parks in the city of Babolsar using fuzzy logic and AHP. By studying the city's parks, their distribution, hierarchical order, scale, per capita and the number of parks are investigated in the level of city and region. Therefore, at first the distribution of parks was studied and then by applying analytical hierarchical process and fuzzy logic (FAHP) integrated in ARCGIS the new location of city's new parks were determined. The results revealed that the distribution of parks is inappropriate and the neighborhood of 6 had the highest priority for the establishment of new park.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29156_7797e260f412318605ddcd599a1c62b7.pdf
2012-11-21
147
154
10.22059/jes.2012.29156
analytical hierarchical process
Babolsar
Fuzzy logic
Spatial Distribution
urban parks
Sedigheh
Lotfi
s.lotfi2@umz.ac.ir
1
دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Hoseinzadeh
ahmad_daragh@yahoo.com
2
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Amin
Faraji Molaei
farajiamin55@yahoo.com
3
دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران و پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاد دانشگاهی
AUTHOR
Meisam
Ahmadi Firozjaei
meisam.ahmadi87@yahoo.com
4
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combating with Desertification Process by an emphasis on Capabilities of Desert Areas (Case Study: Isfahan Province)
Although the geographic and climatic conditions of the desert itself is not really growing, knowing about the Iranian desert is important. What expands the deserts is the relationship of the desert areas with of the natural environment itself. Degradation of water resources, soil and especially vegetation in the desert belt of Iran provided conditions caused desertification and their spread on the fringes of deserts and can intensify it. These affected by the social and economic transformations in recent century and go into the critical situation and every day it is added to the extent. Since 40 years ago, at least 20% of forestry lands, its mountains slops degrade and has provided the background for the development of desert conditions. Although the fragile ecological conditions and natural desert areas should be accept as a fact, but regardless of this fact, natural, social and cultural aspects create the special effects. Diversity of climate, communities, tribal, rural, nomadic life, and together the diverse forms of cultural diversity in light of contemporaneous can be seen. The Iranian plateau involves the mountain of Sahand to Damavand and Dena to Taftan, provides the context for economic, social and cultural development which has immense potential in the heart of nature, threats can be turned into opportunities.
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_29157_1391acd6619fd5b5cb3b547a02ce76ce.pdf
2012-11-21
155
164
10.22059/jes.2012.29157
Crisis Management
Desertification
erosion
Forest
Ali Reza
Zaker Esfahani
info@ostan-es.ir
1
استادیار پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
AUTHOR