p. 365−377
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 379−390
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 391−400
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 401−416
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 417−436
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
Na+ + K+ > Mg2+ = HCO3 -> SO42- > Cl- and Na+ + K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ = Cl- > HCO3- > SO42-. Piper diagram reveals higher bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium along the recharge zones and tend to decrease along the flow path and vice versa for ions like sodium, potassium and chloride. Surface and groundwater evaporation have had a significant effects on groundwater salinity and solute increasing at the end of the plain. To understand the origin of groundwater salinity in Malekan plain, the values of saturation index of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, anhydrite and halite in all 41 groundwater samples has been calculated using the Phreeqc Interactive 3.0.0. computer code. Studying the ion ratios revealed that sodium has been entered to the aquifer in consequence of salt water intrusion form the evaporate brines, contemporary playas and connate groundwater from northwest of aquifer adherent to SouthEast of Lake Urmia, and also weathering and leaching of salty-clayey layers. In other hand, calcium and magnesium ions originate from limestone and dolomite deposits. The hydrogeochemical ratios such as Cl− / sum Anion, HCO3− / sum Anion, Cl−/ (HCO3− + CO32-), (Na+ / Cl-), Na+/ (Na+ + Cl−) and Ca2+ / (HCO3− + SO42-) were estimated to determine the origin of ions and salinity in the groundwaters. Evidences like certain ratios, hydrogeochemical graphs and saturation index which arose from geochemical modeling indicates that the dissolution of evaporation deposits and cation exchange are the most important processes affecting the chemical composition of groundwater. The results of applying statistical and Hydrogeochemical techniques confirmed that both the evaporation-crystallization reactions and water/rock interaction in the aquifer and exposed the effect of human activities on groundwater quality. The chloride ion, as an indicator of groundwater salinization, is highly correlated with EC, which play an key role in groundwater quality. The ratios of conservative elements (Cl- / Br-) for groundwater samples in the plain ranged from 93 to 2184 and showed the effect of evaporation deposits, agricultural returned groundwater and domestic sewage. Li+ / Cl- ratio is one of the most important used ratio to separate different salinity origins. Samples related to seawater can be distinguished by the value of Br- / Cl-. The Br- / Cl- relationship helps to identify the possibility of seawater intrusion since it is relatively constant in the seawater considering the extremely long residence time of Sea masses. Compound Diagram of ionic ratios (Li+ / Cl-) vs. (Br- / Cl-) were identified as an adequate criterion of separating different salinity sources. The groundwater samples located in evaporation playas and geothermal or groundwater part of diagram and have far composition than Samples related to seawater or lake can be distinguished by the value of Br- / Cl-. 4- Conclusion All evidence like certain ratios, hydrogeochemical graphs, saturation index and Compound Diagram of ionic ratios (Li+ / Cl-) vs. (Br- / Cl-) indicate the groundwater samples which origin from different sources as different clusters. Based on results of the present study, likely the saltwater intrusion from the Urmia lake highly likely would be rejected and other factors like cation exchange, salt water intrusion form the evaporate brines, contemporary playas, and also weathering, leaching of salty-clayey layers from northwest of aquifer adherent to South East of Lake Urmia, and groundwater evaporation at the end of the plain could be the main causes regarding to used techniques.]]>
p. 437−454
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
normality test and 0.05 P normality test and 0.05 P normality test and 0.05 p> homogeate test data normality and homogeneity of variance was used to obtain significant difference test showed that the results have significant differences (0.05 p>). that between stations 1 and 5, 1 and 3, 1 and 10, 2 and 3, 2 and 6, 2 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 3 and 9, 3, 10, 4, 5, 4, 7, 4 and 8, 4 and 10, 5, 6, 5.7, 5 and 8, 5 and 9, 6 and 7, 6 and 10, 7 and 9, 7 and 10, 8 and 9, 8 and 10,9 and 10 differences there is a significant.The correlation between sediment and water Pearson correlation test was used for cadmium, lead and copper in water samples with Cu in sediment samples correlated and at 0.01 p = and 0.185 r =, 0.426 r = and 0.613 r = there is a significant difference (table 8). The results of the analysis of sediment samples at various stations nomads river, showed that the stations studied, 5 stations (terminal) while the highest cadmium, lead and copper highest station 7 (City of Knowledge) had accumulated. The minimum amount of lead in the deposition station 6 (Geylan tea) and a minimum amount of cadmium in the sediment Station 2 (bridge Kalalaq) and the minimum amount of copper in the deposition station 3 (Chelokhaneh) have been observed. Station 7 (City of Knowledge) because of domestic waste water chemical fertilizer used in the gardens of the town highest cadmium and copper show. The results of the analysis of water samples at various stations nomads river, indicates that the stations studied Station 1 (mineral water Olaus) the highest level of lead and cadmium is highest at Station 2 (bridge Kalalaq), and the highest copper station 8 (bridge building) shows. While the minimum amount of these elements at station 10 (Janan Lu) have accumulated. This well their role in the purification of water and sediments of heavy metals show.]]>
p. 455−476
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 477−496
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 497−511
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 513−527
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 529−541
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
2%< 2%> 2%< 2%> 2%< 2%> 2%
p. 543−560
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3
p. 1−32
2345-6922
Vol.43/No.3