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Cr >As >Cd (Table 1). Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Ni in all the water samples are less than WHO and EPA standard. The average abundance order of PTEs for sediment samples are: Cr >Ni >As >Cd (Table 2). Table 1 Concentration of PTEs (µg/l) and Major ions (mg/l) in water. Table 2 The comparison of As, Cd, Cr and Ni concentration Na+ Mg++ Ca++ HCO3- Cl- SO4- As Cr Cd Ni Average 19.0 5.3 66.4 200.2 20.9 65.7 0.39 2.2 0.11 7.73 Max 61.5 11.0 123.0 283.7 30.2 177.6 0.81 4.0 0.18 9.85 Min 11.3 3.3 55.0 161.7 12.9 33.2 0.01 1.0 0.07 2.80 WHO 30-60 - - - 250 250 10 50 3 20 EPA 50 150 200 - 250 250 10 100 3 - in sediment samples with sediment quality guidelines PETS (mg/kg) Cr Ni As Cd Max 81.05 57.31 10.80 0.80 Min 46.55 27 2.30 0.20 Average 68.13 37.85 7.40 0.41 PEL 90.00 36 17 3.53 Average/PEL 0.76 1.05 0.44 0.12 TEL 37.30 18 5.90 0.60 Average/TEL 1.83 2.10 1.25 0.69 ERM 370 51.60 70 9.60 Average/ERM 0.18 0.73 0.11 0.04 ERL 81 20.90 8.20 1.20 Average/ERL 0.84 1.81 0.90 0.34 The enrichment factor (EF), base of average shale were calculated with equation 1. Where [M]= total trace element concentration measured in sediment sample (mg/kg) and [Sc]= total concentration of scandium as the reference element (mg/kg ). Enrichment factor value for As, Ni and Cr is 2 that reveals moderate contamination (Fig. 3) Fig. 3: Box diagram of enrichment factor for PTEs in Sediment samples. The comparison of selected elements concentration in sediment samples with sediment quality guidelines indicate that the average concentration of As, Cr and Ni in the present sediments is higher than threshold effect level (TEL). Nickel shows higher concentration than probable effect level (PEL) and effect range low (ERL) values (Table 2). These sediments based on PELQ (equation 2) and ERMQ (equation 3) calculations, for Cr, As, Ni and Cd indicate slightly toxic. Where Mi is the concentration of element i in sediments, ERMi and PELi the guideline values for the element i and n the number of metals The average abundance order of PTEs contents in Barbel fish is similar to water samples, while for L. cephalus fish is Cr >Ni >Cd >As. Chromium reveal higher concentration than WHO standard (0.15 mg/kg) in both fish species, while Ni content in Barbel fish is higher than WHO standard (0.4 mg/kg). To estimate the public health risk of exposure PTEs through fish consumption, the CRlim for either carcinogenic (equation 4) or noncarcinogenic (equation 5) health effects, were calculated. Where CRlim =maximum allowable fish consumption rate (kg/d) ARL = maximum acceptable individual lifetime risk level (unit-less) BW = consumer body weight (70kg) Cm =measured concentration of chemical contaminant m in fish (mg/kg) CSF = cancer slope factor (mg/kg-d) RfD = oral reference dose (mg/kg-d) Equation (6) was used to convert daily consumption limits, in kilograms, to meals consumption limits over a given time period (month) as a function of meals size Where CRmm = maximum allowable fish consumption rate (meals/mo) Tap=time averaging period (365.25 d/12 mo = 30.44 (d/mo)) MS = meals size (0.227 kg fish/meals) The RfD values, CSF values, allowable Monthly fish consumption for As, Cd, Ni and Cr are summarized in Table 3. Based on CRmm value, maximum allowable Barbel and L. cephalus fishes consumption for carcinogenic health of As is two meals per month (Approximately 0.5 kg). Table 3 Monthly fish consumption limits for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health endpoints and other parameters of PTEs in fish species Fish species PTEs Cm RfD CSF Noncancer cancer CRlim CRmm CRlim CRmm Barbel As 0.0325 0.0003 1.5 0.65 87 0.01 2 Cd 0.018 0.001 NA 3.89 521 - - Ni 1.44 0.02 NA 0.97 130 - - Cr 1.39 0.02 NA 1.01 135 - - Leuciscus cephalus As 0.035 0.0003 1.5 0.6 80 0.01 2 Cd 0.04 0.001 NA 1.75 235 - - Ni 0.065 0.02 NA 21.54 2888 - - Cr 0.91 0.02 NA 1.54 206 - - ]]>
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