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3 axle)
Expressway
10.3
31.3
94
94
135.8
The values in above table have a straightforward interpretation. As an example, a user of passenger car or a pickup must pay 10.3 Rials passing 1 KM of expressway as a compensation of global warming external costs. This value is 135.8 and 94 for heavy trucks and buses, respectively.
The results indicate that annual external cost of co2 emission in Expressways is approximately 360 billion Rials, 30% of which is the contribution of heavy trucks with more than 3 axles followed by passenger cars and pickups with the share of 25%.
The considerable amount of these external costs is a good index to realize the importance of external costs of Iran’s road transport. It should be noted that these costs are different from many non-monetary effects which external costs impose to society. This involves careful attention of governors and macro-level decision makers to external costs and their issues to provide appropriate solutions to reduce or internalize these costs.
It should be noted that the main and most important solution to reduce and manage external costs is road pricing and charging road users. The experience of this solution in the world has shown that besides reducing external costs, a considerable financial resources is gathered from user charging, which can be used in more transportation infrastructure developments.
The results of this paper can certainly help the policymakers to make good, precise and fair decisions related to the charges of road transportation.]]>
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