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مهندس شهره خرد
پیر
author
دکتر فتح الله
مضطرزاده
author
دکتر منصور غیاث
الدین
author
text
article
1997
per
Occupational exposure to hazardous asbestos fibers on the basis of Amercian Society for Testing and Materials criterion (length> 5mm, diameter < 3,um and length/diameter_5:1 ) were monitored in an asbestos - cement factory for the first time in the country. By evaluating personal (from worker's breathing zone) and environmental samples (from plant's atmosphere) asbestiform fibers were counted and calculated as fiber/ml (f/ml) by Phase Contrast Optical Microscope. On the basis of 8-h time weighted
average or its equivalent, average fiber levels and range of concentrations III each unit of workshops as well as, environmental concentrations were determined. The results indicated that 83.3% of workers are exposed to levels exceeding the Threshold Limit Value (TL V =0.2 F/ml) and all the studied
workshops were considered as fiber emission sources (5-13 times the TL V). Test statistic on mean with 95%. Confidence showed no significant difference between two finishing workshops, long and short pipes (? =0.05, to.975,9). In addition, 8-h daily shift duration exposures on average are less than half of that observed in the 12-h shift. Test statistic with 95% confidence showed
significant difference between mean exposure of daily shift durations (? =0.05, t095,17).
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14431_1a2e9c646d4c007ec9aa8458a1e7267c.pdf
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حسن
خوشپور
author
ناصر برک
پور
author
مهیار
عارفی
author
دکتر سید حسین
بحرینی
author
text
article
1997
per
It is clear that the urban environment provides the setting for the life framework of a large and growing proportion of the world's population. In consequence, urban dwellers spend much of their lives in a quite distinctive type of man - modified (polluted) climate. This study focuses on two aspects of urban climatology in the city of Tehran: Climate and Urban Form. Each building reacts with its atmospheric envelope and these micro climatic effects are then integrated into macroclimatic zones which commonly mirror the form of urban development and major land uses. More specifically this research paper intends to test the hypothesis that concentration or dispersion of urban air pollutants depend on atmospheric conditions and heat island in the urban areas, which is affected in turn, by topography and urban form. By some modifications in urban form, therefore, the atmospheric conditions may be changed (wind direction and speed) in an urban area which will eventually lead to better air quality in the city.
Part of the study was based on an experiment in a low speed wind tunnel, which was built for this purpose. Also satellite data was the source of information for preparing the heat islands in Tehran.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14432_ac18c7f16df6517d4d92c8d96a7a6b09.pdf
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دکتر علی
ترابیان
author
مهندس اسماعیل
بغوری
author
text
article
1997
per
Total and available amounts of Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cu have been measured in the soil and plants samples of southern Tehran agricultural land for three years.
These areas are irrigated by domestic and industrial wastewater. Results of this study indicate that concentrations of these metals are
higher than control samples, taken from untreated lands.
Due to concentration of these elements in tissues of vegetables
consume by the residents of Tehran. Therefore, it is recommended that
the use of wastewater for irrigation to be halted.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14433_ce1df52fe5df7ad57168a91a65ddf66d.pdf
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دکتر محمدعلی
عبدلی
author
text
article
1997
per
This paper describes out the present status of generation, on-site handling, processing and storage of industrial waste in Tehran. In this investigation, 67 large scale factories of different industrial groups were randomly selected. Above cited functional elements of these factories were surveyed. In this investigation a close contact with each factory was required, thus a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among these factories. The relaionship
between daily weight of the industrial waste (Y) and number of employer of each factory (x) is found to be Y=547.4+0.58x. The relationship between daily volume of industrial waste (V), and daily weight of waste generated in each factory (Y) can be described by V=1.56+0.00078Y. About 68% of the factories have
their own interim storage site and the rest of the factories do not possess anyon-site storage facility.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14434_f82778883c3c2c2afa6c6cec1d000f7a.pdf
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مهندس محمد سعید
توکل
author
text
article
1997
per
For the physical planning of Vaz research Forest, the necessity of site selection in the context of land evaluation, has been discussed. The project has studied the evaluation of ecological capability of Land in the following stages:
1 - Studying of physical and Biological resources in the context of
GIS system.
2 - Analysis and integration of data.
3 - Evaluation of ecological capability of the land by employing the
suitable ecological model.
4 - Site selection by comparison and coordination of the principles
used in the model with the results of ecological capability of the land in GIS system.
S - Site and environmental design based on ecological principles
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14435_cbd0e99287bea302f1da00872dc14e1b.pdf
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مهندس هنریک
مجنونیان
author
text
article
1997
per
The first guidelines tor protected area management categorIes prepared by IUCN on 1978, consists of 8 main categories. This guidelines practiced for more than a decade in different countries and they tried to make consistency between their protected areas and characteristics, management objectives and selection criteia of 1978 guidelines.
IUCN commenced studies to revise the guidelines since 1984 and represented a new one on 1994. These modifications are on the basis of following issues:
1. Practicing the 1978 guidelines revealed its limitations: (a) Some
of the protected areas had intermediate characterIstics am were not possible to identify a particular category for them. (b: Title and management objectives of some of the categorie_
in the
gmdelmes. These Issues mclUoe: DlOlogicai Ulvt:rsny, SUSLdlIldUlI
development
' ¬
guidelines), and
3. Wildlife Refuge (equivalent to category IV of IUCN
guid_lines ). The fourth category of national system called as "Preserved Area" is not equivalent with any category of the new guidelines.
In this article recommendations have given to resolve the problems arise for applying IUCN new guidelines in national level and advantages are discussed. It is recommended to increase the sanctum (Core Area) of "Preserved Areas" from 1/5th to 2/1 rd of total area of the "Preserved Area". As a result of this modification the Preserved Area" of national system would become equivalent to Vph IUCN category. Explicitly, it is not possible to establish any area of the Vth category of IUCN guidelines in Iran. However there are still wilderness areas in Iran that can be selected as pt
category of IUCN guidelines. Selecting new areas for this category is a significant attempt to complete the network of Protected areas in Iran
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14436_b5b41821010d774d4425ac64607abca0.pdf
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دکتر منوچهر
طبیبیان
author
text
article
1997
per
The history of Iranian Cities and its associated urban apaces are long and colourful. The role of urban areas has always been an important one. It is importa.nt for the purpose at hand, to examine, albeit in a cursory fashion, some of critical factors which shaped the development of Iranian Cities, including urban spaces. Moreover, I believe that these forces created, in Iran, a variable,
rational urban system and that the currency set of "problems" in Iranian Cities results from new technological forces interacting with older, historical forces.
Of course, making generalizations about Persian towns is, at best, a risky buisiness, The wide range of natural and historcal forces which have played across the face of this country have created special conditions in each urban settlement. But, in spite of the fact that each Persian town has a distinct character and ambience,
one can easily see that these differences occur within a framework which is remarkably similar in both basic principles and details.
Now, however, even greater forces are operating in Iran, as all over the world, to alter towns almost beyond recognition. The internal combustion engine is introducing a new scale of distance
to the city; telecommunications are giving the city a new time scale; industrialization is challenging the traditional economic bases of cities. Time and again, for both the East and West, these
new forces have overwhelmed the more modest human scale of
old towns. Times and again, planners and administrators have realized very late in the process that the other scales must be preserved as well. Iran is no exception.
This article offers some suggestions as to how Iranian planners and administrators might preserve the human scale in Persian towns. It begins with a look at the history of Persian towns in an attempt to define (implicitly) the Persian human scale by
describing the rational urban systems and details which developed
"
in Iran over some 5,000 years of urbanisation. Then we examine some current cities which have already been greatly altered by modern technological forces to see just where tradition and innovation work together and where they are at odds. Since "future" still means changes, we must examine the nature of this "future" - the future of the city in Iran.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
18
v.
18
no.
1997
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_14437_f7d02558d87510044b35ead82ff5ea02.pdf