Petroleum Biodegradation by Two Mycobacterium Isolates from Persian Gulf
Ali
Abolhasani Soorki
کارشناس ارشد میکروبیولوژی، مربی، پژوهشکده علوم پایه کاربردی جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
author
Gholamhosein
Ebrahimipour
دکتری میکروبیولوژی، استادیار دانشکدة علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
The effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) concentrations and temperature on crude oil biodegradation by two bacterial strains PG01 and PG02, previously isolated from Persian Gulf, were assessed. In order to determine the optimum concentration of N and P sources and temperature for oil consumption by the isolates, bacteria were cultured in 100 ml agitating culture flasks containing mineral salt medium with 1 gram crude oil as sole carbon source. Measurements of total protein, as an indicator of petroleum biodegradation, revealed that the optimum N and P concentrations for oil consumption by strain PG01 are equal to 0.146 gram ammonium chloride and 0.024 gram di-sodium hydrogen phosphate per gram crude oil. The other strain, PG02, needed more N source for optimum growth and the results were 0.195 gram ammonium chloride and 0.024 gram di-sodium hydrogen phosphate per gram crude oil. Both isolates had maximum oil consumption at 35 degree centigrade. Gravimetric analysis showed that PG01 and PG02 strains respectively mineralized 70.81% and 83.94% crude oil during the 5 day period of incubation. When the mixture of two strains was used higher results were achieved (87.61%). Characterization tests and determination of guanine + cytosine content of DNA showed that both isolates have maximum similarity to Mycobacterium obuense.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21589_6860980ad8846265e91ffed6be0ce85e.pdf
Investigation on The Effect of the Seasonal Changing of Manning Roughness Coefficient in Forecasting Flood Hydraulic Behavior
(Case Study:Haraz River)
Mir Omid
Hadiani
مربی گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائمشهر
author
Vahid
Gholami
دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران, واحد علوم و تحقیقات
author
Zahra
Nejad Azar
عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر
author
text
article
2009
per
There are different methods for controling the flood damages which one of them is flood zoning. In this method, flood zones are determined by simulating river hydraulic behavior and its flood plain for different return periods.In other hand, soil and specially plant coverage are the most effective factor to determine Manning roughness coefficient. So it is expected, seasonal plant coverage changing affect on Manning roughness coefficient and flood hydraulic behavior forecasting. In this research a section of Haraz River (3250 m in upstream of Amol, northern Iran) was studied to find the affect of the season in determination of Manning roughness coefficient in predicting flood hydraulic behavior because of vegetation changes. Geographical Information System (HEC-GeoRAS Extension ), HEC-RAS software and river topographic maps in 1:500 scale were used in order to simulate Haraz River’s hydraulic behavior and its flood plain.The Manning roughness coefficient was determined in winter and summer using Cowen method for corss sections separately.The quantitative and qualitative results showed that season of the determination Manning coefficient causes changes on n values on left and right banks of the river and flood plain because of vegetation changes. Consecuently, that causes some changes in flood zones, water velocity and depth, shear stress and the distribution of the flood volume in river channel and its flood plain for different return periods.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21590_1425c1d67e5fde747966fd031fa2fd1a.pdf
Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of pH in the Southern Shelf of the Caspian Sea
Naser
Hajizadeh Zaker
استادیار مهندسی محیط زیست دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران، همکار علمی مرکز ملی اقیانوس شناسی
author
Peyman
Eghtesadi Araghi
استادیار مرکز ملی اقیانوس شناسی
author
text
article
2009
per
Marine environment of the Caspian Sea, due to extensive human exploitation and discharge of large magnitudes of urban, industrial and agricultural waste, is under extensive pressure and human wastes threaten marine life and ecosystem of the sea. Therefore, there is a substantial need for a good understanding of physical and chemical characteristics of the Caspian waters. However, the data available in this regard, in particular in the Iranian coastal waters, are very limited. This paper presents distribution and seasonal variations of pH over the southern Caspian Shelf adjacent to Iran. The pH data were collected down to 200m depth in two areas in east (off Babolsar in Mazandaran) and west (off Kiyashahr in Gilan) of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. In summer, when the surface water temperature was highest and the strongest seasonal thermocline existed, the maximum value for pH was observed. In this season, pH had a value of 8.35-8.4 at the water surface and reduced to 8.2 at 80-m level and deeper waters. In autumn, when the surface layer was deepening and seasonal thermocline was under destruction, the pH was less than summer and was mainly 8.25 at the water surface outside of the shelf and 8.3-8.35 in the shelf and gradually reduced with depth. In early spring, during the process of the formation of the new seasonal thermocline, low temperature and maximum local river inflow, pH at the water surface was mainly 8.25 and reduced to 8.2 at 30-m level. The results showed seasonal variations of pH in the southern Caspian Shelf and the coastal waters adjacent to Iran as a function of seasonal variations in water temperature, characteristics of thermocline, local rivers chemical characteristics and discharges, and production or destruction processes.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21591_8ea62457e5091c84dfed74a2b2724b2e.pdf
An Investigation on Important Pollutant Industrial Source of Soil, Water and Plant in Yazd Province
Hamidreza
Rahmani
مربی بخش خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اصفهان، واحد اردستان
author
text
article
2009
per
The effects of industrial textile water(Effluent Water,EW) on soil, water and plant was investigated in this research. For conducting this research major important textile factory were selected and sampling was done in 2 stages and in 2 years. In each district and the control field (soil not irrigation with effluent water) the soils from 0-30 cm depth and plants were sampled in three replicates. The soil samples were analysed for EC, SAR, texture, organic matter, cations, anions, and metals including: Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd on soil; pH, EC, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, NO3-N, total hardness, total N, K, Cations, Anions, P, Organic Carbon and concentration of heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd on well-water and EW and dry matter, Cl-, P, N, K and metals including: Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd on plant samples. The soil, plant, EW and well-water samples were analysed using standard laboratory methods.The EW pH, TDS, TSS,solfate,coloride, bicarbonate, N-NO3, salinity and concentration of Cu, Zn and Cd were above permissible limit. The well water pH, EC, TDS, solfate, coloride, and bicarbonate were above permissible limit. Concentration of Zn and Cd in soil were in critical range and soil samples had higher amounts of O.M, N and available P and K compare to control sample. Concentration of Zn and Cu in plants was over permissible limit and concentration of heavy metals in shoots and roots in plants were different. Results showed that industrial water have limitation for application of irrigation, surface water and subsurface water. Use of these waters causes pollution of environment and transferred poisonous compounds into the food chain.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21592_c75a6aa1f64aed54a099eb0ee9059ab5.pdf
Appraising Psychosocial Carrying Capacity of Ecotourism
In Sacred and Energetic Sites (Case: Takht-e Soleiman, Throne of Solomon, Iran)
Sanaz
Sanaye Goldouz
دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Majid
Makhdoum
استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
One of the purposes of Ecotourism is to relax and aspirate the natural energy. Sacred and Energetic sites are the locations for experiencing the relaxation. Since 2005 the Ecotourism for aspirating the natural energy or spiritual Ecotourism has been developed in Iran. There are some places in Iran which have a kind of energy as subtle energy for increasing personal health and awareness. These places have some restrictions in Tourism sustainability, so their carrying capacity must be estimated. Carrying Capacity can be used as a index number for identifying the management policies. Takht-e Soleiman (Azargoshansb) in Iran is an important archeological site which was not only registered in UNESCO's list of world heritage in 2003 but also was inscribed in world sacred sites list. Many tourists travel to this site for receiving the energy annually. In this research, psychosocial carrying capacity of ecotourism in sacred site (Takht-e Soleiman) was surveyed. In order to indentify psychosocial carrying capacity, the management indicators that affect the carrying capacity were determined. According to these indicators, the questionnaires were provided. 140 of 150 tourists who traveled to Takht-e Soleiman for receiving the energy responded to the questionnaires. After statistical analysis of the questionnaires, the number of carrying capacity which identified density, crowding levels and encounter preferences was maximum 150 persons daily in recreation season (summer). This number specially identified acceptable density around the lake.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21593_fc5c0461e18d771674e57f8bf62651c7.pdf
Landscape Ecological Structure Analysis of Tehran to Develop Strategies for Improving Environmental Quality
Parasto
Parivar
دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Ahmad Reza
Yavari
دانشیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Shahrzad
Faryadi
استادیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Ahad
Sotoudeh
دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Tehran is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world. Sink capacity for absorption and assimilation of pollution is reduced generally due to failure in inclusion of ecological aspects in regional land use development planning. The present condition of air and water related issues in Tehran are greatly affected by landscape structural alterations at urban level. In this research the focus is to understand relationships between land use patterns and ecological processes particularly those air and water related issues affecting urban environmental quality. We propose measures to harmonize urban growth pattern based on existing opportunities for increasing the sink capacity for air pollution and waste water.
Using Landsat satellite images (dated 1988 & 2002) maps for three classes of green, open and built land cover types were created. Landscape metrics NP, MPS, MNN, and CAP were used for the analysis of landscape structure (both configuration and composition) at two different scales using hexagonal zoning.
Results demonstrate that despite ecological alteration, the remnant patch mosaic network of Tehran may still be restorable. The river valley network provides the basis for the necessary conceptual framework; “Refuge network” to integrate all corrective measures at different scales. Natural layouts of river valley networks along with the core open patches of hills may be the basis of implementation of such a comprehensive restoration plan based on the “Aggregate with out liar” model as a spatial design framework at urban level.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21594_9d60888c720ea7f23bb95e65ab1690a2.pdf
The spatial valuation pattern of Co2 absorption function in Caspian forests of Iran
Naghmeh
Mobarghai
استادیار پژوهشکدة علوم محیطی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
Gholamali
Sharzehie
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد اجتماعی دانشکدة اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
author
Majid
Makhdoum
استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
author
Ahmad Reza
Yavari
داتشیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Hamid Reza
Jafari
داتشیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Forests as one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems provide many ecosystem services that almost there is no market to present their values. Among this non market services, gas regulation has a significant importance. Plants absorb co2 and use it in photosynthesis process. This process, in addition to producing plant biomass and releasing o2, has the effective role in reducing the greenhouse effect. There is not a spatial similarity in co2 absorption in an area, according to difference in plant concentration, tropical situation, kinds of specious and plants growth per hectare. In this case study we create a pattern to archive spatial distribution of co2 absorption with geographical information system in a part of Caspian forests of Iran. In this pattern according to kinds of specious, plant concentration and growth per hectare we achieve the map of spatial distribution of co2 absorption value. Planners can Use this map, as a decision support tools, for more careful local and regional planning. The co2 absorption services has been valued with replacement cost method that is one of the most significant cost based methods in environmental economic. Results show that in the study region with an area of 20582 hectare, the value of co2 absorption is more than 80 billion Rials per year.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21595_22b181257356e65f74b7af6f61097e9e.pdf
A Decision Support System for Environmental impact Assessment in landscape degradation (Case study: Shafarod Watershed in Gilan province of Iran)
Foroud
Azari Dehkordi
استادیار گروه برنامهریزی و مدیریت دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
noushin
Khazaei
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدة محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Degradation Model was introduced as an instrument of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Iran. Several methods are introduced in rapid environmental assessment, but none of them have evaluated landscape level. Thus, the main objective of this research is to introduce a new spatial method for EIA by using landscape metrics. A benefit of rapid assessment by using ecological landscape metrics is, understanding intensity of cumulative degrading activities in working units from past to present. The landscape degradation is LD= ?kI/Vi . Where LD is equal to degradation coefficient of landscape compartments, ?kI is the index of intensity of human activities in landscape working units, (I is the indicator of metrics and k is intensity of them) V stands for habitat vulnerability. The approach of this model is to emphasize on conservation of natural ecosystems (which their LD is low). Therefore, to introduce landscape degradation model, we considered Shafarod Watershed with 39800 ha, that is located in Gilan. Then, 28 sub watersheds were delineated as a measure for comparison between working units. The road and landuse layers were overlaid to compute fragmentation. Then all landscape metrics were extracted for each working units. We arrangement these metrics as a total activity and number of patches (NumP) was considered as the habitat vulnerability in landscape degradation model. After computation of landscape degradation model, sub watershed 25, 26 and 27 had the maximum number of degradation, which is suggested for development. In this study, we had correlated between satellite data, length of road, slope, number of patches, and data were extracted from landscape degradation model. These correlation were observed that red class in imaging data has the highest correlation with degradation (R²= 0.61).
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21596_380dd3a02e390bb59f4f360746d50971.pdf
The Application of Hedonic Pricing Method in Estimating the Hidden Economic Value of Environment: The Case Study of Correlation between Public Services, Pollution, and the Housing Prices in Selected Areas of Tabriz
Ali Mohammad
Khorshiddoust
دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2009
per
The economic and market value of environmental goods and services are hidden. Among the conventional methods of valuing and economic pricing the environmental amenities, one is hedonic pricing method (HPM) which in terms of economic point of view is based on the hypothesis that people usually determine their environmental consumption preference levels through choosing their houses. Therefore, in decision making to buy a house there is a latent market in which the environmental quality is measured indirectly by consumers or buyers. The demand rates for such an environmental amenity are reflected in the presence or lack of air noise pollution in the area. HPM uses quantitative, statistical, and other methods to estimate the economic value of places and houses in environmental aspects. In this paper the author has applied this methodology along with an analysis of housing prices in different zones of Tabriz, aiming at establishing a correlation between these factors and environmental characteristics. The results can be generalized within the willingness to pay principle of the consumers for buying a better house with regard to various factors including the environmental variables.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21597_944ce34fb7aae695680a8b51c7c61c32.pdf
The Relationship between Economic Growth and Air Pollution
Considering Effect of Iranian Development Programs
Hiva
Asadikia
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
Reza
Oyarhossein
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
Iraj
Saleh
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
Hamed
Rafiee
دانشجوی دوره دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
Samaneh
Zare
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Achieving to sustainable development requires high attention to environmental problems so In this head line, examining the relation between economic growth and environment quality gives us an outlook of optimum economic development. For this purpose, different development programs were investigated. Variables used in this model were propagation co2 per capita (as a proxy of pollution ), GDP per capita, number of imported and domestic produced automobile, degree of economic openness, population and dummy variable of development programs. Statistics show that, there is a significant relation between deferent stages of current variable to exerted co2 and air pollution. Estimation of Grossman-Kroger logarithmic model (with some adjustments) resulted direct relation between GDP, number of extinct automobile and population with co2 gas extension. GDP had the highest elasticity. One percent increase in GDP will raise gas extension by 5.539 percent. There is an inverse relation between Degree of openness and gas extension by the amount of 0.3372 percent. Finally results showed that 3rd Development Program is the most successful one in air pollution control and had reduced annual rise in pollution and co2 extension. This is the main result of implying comprehensive pollution reduction program in 8 big cities. Such programs are suggested to be continued considering effective variables.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21598_97abc41a1b0a78ac127bbf37d55c5fbb.pdf
Water Quality Trading Using Tradable Discharge Permit in a River and Assessment of Its Cost- Effectiveness
Ali
Jafari
دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Masoud
Taheriyoun
دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Ahmad Reza
Yavari
دانشیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
Akbar
Baghvand
دانشیار گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکدة محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Water quality trading is a new approach in pollution control which satisfies water quality standards suggesting minimum cost solutions. This method uses tradable discharge permits based on pollution transfer coefficient in a river. This paper tries to establish a water quality trading program in a river basin according to transfer coefficients between pollution sources and evaluate cost effectiveness of the pollution control method. The case study is Dez river watershed in south of Iran in Khuzestan province. The average annual flow of the river is 368cms at downstream station. The major pollution sources of the river include domestic and industrial wastewater. A water quality trading program is accomplished in five steps including zoning the study area, determination of total pollution load of each zone based on water quality model, determination of pollution transfer coefficient among pollutants and zones and determination of allowable tradable discharge load for each zone and each pollutant load. In order to determine the initial amount discharge permit and transfer coefficient a water quality model for the river is developed using Streeter- Phelps equation. In this study the cost of pollution control for each source has been estimated by both technological (treatment plant construction) and non-technological (trading) methods. The ratio of the cost of the technological to the non-technological pollution control has been evaluated as the cost effectiveness criteria. With respect to this criterion, for some pollution source technological method is cost effective and they should construct a wastewater treatment plant. The other sources should buy discharge permit from the pollution sources which has decreased their discharge quality lower than required. The amount of the permit that a discharger should buy is determined by environmental agency authority according to the transfer coefficients.
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21599_3c20a9e506ad210055d0ad00fd6f0f50.pdf
Sustainable Development in Environment for Iron and Steel Making in Iran By Fuzzy Logic
Sayed Ebrahim
Vahdat
مربی گروه متالورژی و مواد دانشکدة فنی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آیت الله آملی
author
Naser
Towhidi
استاد گروه متالورژی و مواد دانشکدة فنی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2009
per
Sustainable development is very important especially in environment. In this paper, the value of sustainable development in environment of Iran for iron and steel making in comparison with global, determined by fuzzy logic and expressed by continuous value between zero and one. The following steps were taken in turn:
1- Obtaining the related data from internal resources.
2- Defining membership functions according to the data and the nature of features.
3- Calculating and determining the degree of sustainable development well-being for iron and steel making in Iran by fuzzy rules.The present study is an analytical study which was carried out in 2007 at Islamic Azad University Ayatollah Amoli branch. The data was obtained from 29 papers and 3 books. Unruly data were excluded from the study.Sustainable development in environment was discussed by six points of view. The first is soil and water pollution in agriculture, the second is air pollution, the third is forest, then is ecosystems, next is energy and the last is fresh water. The membership functions of that features were defined according to fuzzy conjunction and disjunction rules. Fuzzy conjunction and disjunction rules were selected because of the nature of features and the data. A few variables were indicated in this paper because of lack of data. The results indicate sustainable development in environment of Iran for Iron and steel production isn’t completely well-being at 2005 (The degree of well-being is 0).
Journal of Environmental Studies
دانشگاه تهران
1025-8620
35
v.
50
no.
2009
https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_21600_2ff57ba7b376e922b24d71b1b01df294.pdf